EAV探针产生鸡DNA指纹图谱研究

以禽内源性反转录病毒片段（ＥＡＶ）为探针，成功地得到了ＳＲ９２Ａ系（♂）与萧山鸡（♀）杂交一代群体的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱，采用的限制性内切酶为ＥｃｏＲⅠ。结果表明：该探针在这种杂交群体中能检测１７个清晰可辨的指纹条带，这些条带在试验鸡群中的频率从０．２９～１．０不等，个体携带条带总数也存在着从１０～１６的变异，从而为研究ＥＡＶ－ＤＮＡ指纹与这种杂种群体生产性能之间的相关性提供了可能。     

Effect of dietary vegetable oils on health and liver histology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growers

There is an increasing trend towards the replacement of fish oil (FO) by vegetable oils in feeds for farmed fish, particularly marine carnivores. Previous researches on partial or complete replacement of FO by alternate vegetable oils for young gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) were successful. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different dietary vegetable oils on seabream growers' health and liver structure. Two dietary vegetable oil blends (Mix 1 and Mix 2), namely sunflower oil, cottonseed oil and either linseed oil (LO) or soybean oil (BO), were tested as 60% FO substitutes versus the 100% FO control (CTR) diet. Three isonitrogenous (∼47% CP) and isolipidic (18.2% L) diets were fed, twice a day, 6 days a week to apparent satiation, to triplicate groups of seabream growers (mean IW, 130.85 g) in PVC tanks. The growth trial lasted for 20 weeks at an average ambient water temperature of 27.0±1.8°C. At the end of the experiment, fish attained market size (300–400 g) and their health status was evaluated by blood analyses, head kidney prints and liver histology. Haemoglobin and haematocrit contents, erythrocyte (RBC) and leucocyte (WBC) count remained significantly unaffected by any dietary treatments. Despite the apparent relatively higher thrombocyte counts for fish fed vegetable oil diets, especially Mix 2 as compared with those of CTR fish, variations were found to be insignificant (P>0.05). However, a slight deformation in erythrocyte shape was noticed in the blood films of fish fed the vegetable oil diets. Inclusion of either dietary vegetable oil blend had also elevated the number of both developing myelocytes and phagocytes in fish head kidney prints examined compared with those of CTR fish particularly for Mix 2 group. Liver from seabream fed vegetable oils showed slightly swelled hepatocytes due to accumulation of oil droplets in the cytoplasm. In the liver sections investigated ultra‐structurally, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles were shifted towards the cell periphery. Hepatocytes of fish fed Mix 2 diet showed relative shrinkage and picnotic nuclei, compared with those of CTR fish, suggesting an effect on lipid transport and/or metabolism in fish. The comparative hepatic features between experimental fish groups were described. Accordingly, Mix 1 diet (with LO) was considered better than Mix 2 (with BO) in terms of influence on seabream growers' health status.     

鸡的DNA指纹条带数目与屠宰性能的相关性研究

利用肉鸡ＳＲ９２Ａ系（♂）与萧山鸡（♀）的杂交一代群体,以ＥＡＶ（禽内源性反转录病毒片段）为探针,限制性内切酶为ＥｃｏＲⅠ,探讨ＤＮＡ指纹条带数目与若干屠宰性能之间的相关性。结果发现,条带总数与各性状均呈负相关,即条带总数越多,性状值越低,但只有与胸肌重的相关系数达到显著水平（Ｐ＝０．０２３４＜０．０５）。携带１０个条带的个体胸肌重比携带１６个条带的个体平均值高出７８．２２％。研究结果初步表明,ＥＡＶ产生的ＤＮＡ指纹条带总数可作为改良或预测鸡屠宰性能的遗传标记。     

Detection of Citrus Psorosis Virus by ELISA, Molecular Hybridization, RT-PCR and Immunosorbent Electron Microscopy and its Association with Citrus Psorosis Disease

Psorosis is a citrus disease of undemonstrated etiology that can be diagnosed by biological indexing on sweet orange seedlings followed by a cross protection test. Its presumed causal agent is Citrus psorosis virus(CPsV), type species of the genus Ophiovirus. We compared detection of CPsV by ELISA, RT-PCR, molecular hybridization and immunosorbent electron microscopy, and examined its association with psorosis disease in 11 biologically characterized isolates and in 47 uncharacterized field sources by observation of field symptoms and by biological indexing including the cross protection test. Detection of CPsV by any of the four procedures always coincided with diagnosis of psorosis by cross protection, but it did not always correlate with observation of symptoms thought to be specific, in field trees or in graft-inoculated indicator plants. Trials to detect CPsV by ELISA, molecular hybridization and RT-PCR in citrus sources from different geographical origins, presumed to be psorosis-infected on the basis of field symptoms or reaction of indicator plants, were sometimes unsuccessful, indicating that psorosis symptoms may be induced by causes other than CPsV.     

《平山堂图志》中的扬州园林版刻图像研究

清乾隆时期是扬州园林发展的高峰期,乾隆南巡推动了扬州蜀岗、保障河等扬州西北郊园林的营造。从清代《平山堂图志》版刻图像入手,梳理了其中描绘的扬州西北郊园林名胜,分析了图像中所呈现的建筑、山水植被等园林要素,提炼了园林的风格特征。对图像视觉结构与表现手法进行了分析,认为图版中景观的序列与水上游览的顺序相呼应,具有明显的时空秩序性。图版刻绘细腻,表现了清代扬州西北郊园林与名胜的精湛技艺与风格面貌。     

Detection of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ in citrus by concurrent tissue print-based qPCR and immunoassay

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CLas) is associated with the most destructive disease of citrus, huanglongbing (HLB). The most widely used methods for detection of CLas are PCR-based and require purification of DNA from plant samples. Elution of DNA from tissue prints made on nitrocellulose membranes followed by qPCR (TPE-qPCR) was compared to DNA extraction of plant tissue followed by PCR (X-PCR) by testing the same tissue samples. The former estimated a higher CLas population in tissue prints than the latter (t-test; P = 0.009). All extracts prepared for TPE-qPCR throughout the experiment were also tested by conventional PCR and 80.8% were identified as positive. A similar set of stem and petiole tissue samples was tested by TPE-qPCR and immunoassay. Although the detection rate by TPE-qPCR was higher than by immunoassay, about 6% of tissue prints were positive by immunoassay but not by TPE-qPCR. Thus, a higher detection rate would be achieved by combining TPE-qPCR with immunoassay. Significant differences were observed in the performance of nitrocellulose membranes from different manufacturers in these assays. Immunotissue prints showed that the spatial distribution pattern of CLas infection varied widely from one sample to another, but the patterns were highly correlated among serial sections from the same sample, suggesting that CLas preferentially colonizes adjacent phloem cells in a vertical rather than horizontal direction.     

人体指纹差异分析

本文对随机选取的159名西南大学学生的指嵴数扣指纹类型进行了初步研究。结果发现：指嵴数在男女之间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,同一个体左右指嵴数在相关性检验中均呈强相关性（P〈0．01）;三种基本指纹类型占总调查指纹数的比例顺序为：斗形纹〉箕形纹〉弓型纹,弓形纹占的比例仅占1．9％。而斗形纹与箕形纹所占比例大致相当。