2-硝基-1-芳乙烯类化合物的设计合成及其对稻瘟病菌的抑制活性

为了筛选得到对稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe grisea具有较高抑菌活性的新型化合物,根据稻瘟病菌中1,3,8-三羟基萘酚还原酶（3HNR）的结构信息,设计合成了系列2-硝基-1-芳乙烯（2a~2e）和2-溴-2-硝基-1-芳乙烯（3a,3b）目标化合物,并测试了其对3HNR和稻瘟病菌的抑制活性,同时运用分子对接方法对目标化合物与3HNR可能的结合模式进行了分析。结果表明:大部分目标化合物对3HNR都有很好的抑制作用（IC503的抑制活性最好,IC50值为0.53 μmol/L。在50 μg/mL下,目标化合物对稻瘟病菌的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中2e、3a和3b的抑制率高于96%;3a和3b的EC50值分别为16.4和11.6 μg/mL。分子对接方法分析结果表明,硝基苯乙烯骨架结构与稻瘟病菌的3HNR活性空腔的氨基酸残基有较好的相互作用,其中化合物3中的溴原子可与3HNR中Tyr223和Tyr178的羟基形成氢键,从而解释了化合物3对3HNR有较好抑制作用的原因。     

维生素A调节动物一氧化氮的生成及其相关机制

动物机体由于旺盛的新陈代谢或在受到外界有害因素刺激的情况下会产生大量一氧化氮(NO),进而损伤细胞中的蛋白质、类脂膜和DNA,引发细胞炎症并阻断细胞信号通路,使机体产生氧化应激。维生素A可以有效地调控NO的生成,提高机体抗氧化水平并清除自由基,预防细胞炎症及氧化应激的发生。本文主要综述了维生素A对动物NO生成的调节作用及其相关机理的研究进展,对今后深入研究其调节机理、科学补充维生素A及提高机体的抗氧化功能具有一定参考价值。     

HMGCR基因多态性与肉牛屠宰性状相关性分析

MHGCR是胆固醇生物合成过程中的限速酶,在内源胆固醇生物合成过程中起着重要的作用。研究以牛HMGCR基因为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP和测序技术在利杂牛、利西杂牛、秦川牛、西杂牛和夏西杂牛五个群体共123个个体中检测遗传变异情况。结果表明,检测到AA和AB共2种基因型,没有发现BB基因型,测序分析发现一处SNP多态位点(GenBank:BC153262.1 11137TC)。不同基因型与屠宰性状的相关性分析显示,在利西杂群体中AA基因型个体与AB基因型个体相比,AA基因型个体的屠宰率和牛柳指标达到了极显著水平(P0.01),而AA基因型的上脑重显著高于AB基因型(P0.05),其余各项指标基因型间差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,HMGCR基因单核苷酸多态性对利西杂牛脂肪沉积有一定的影响,可作为影响屠宰性状的候选基因,指导肉牛的育种工作。     

Effect of salinity on nitrogen metabolism in wheat

Objectives of our studies were to quantify effects of salinity on growth and nitrogen metabolism of wheat and to measure variation in response of different cultivars, hybrids, and classes. Methods and criteria for identifying resistance to salinity in wheat, particularly effects on nitrogen metabolism also were tested. Variation in response to salinity was measured by subjecting seedlings of six wheats to one control treatment (‐0.1 bars) and two stress treatments (‐3.5 and ‐10.4 bars) from NaCl, MgSO₄, and MgCl₂ in hydroponic solutions. Both stress treatments retarded growth; wheats significantly varied at ‐3.5 bars but not at ‐10.4 bars. Stress decreased root and shoot nitrate N and total N contents. Studies with one wheat cultivar showed that salinity decreased activity of nitrate reductase enzyme and stimulated accumulation of proline. Salinity more adversely affected vegetative stages than reproductive stages of plants grown to maturity. We concluded that salinity affected wheat by both osmotic effects and antagonism of nitrate metabolism from chloride. Absolute growth and relative growth at different stress levels were superior to differences in nitrogen metabolism as selection criteria for salinity tolerance.     

磁场处理对紫苏种子萌发的影响

试验采用20.9mT和42.5mT两个剂量的磁场对紫苏种子进行处理,处理时间分别为0h、1h、2h、3h、4h、5h。结果表明：20.9mT磁场强度处理紫苏种子,处理3h时发芽率最高,可达89%;在42.5mT磁场强度处理下,不同处理时间内种子发芽率均达到90%以上,远远高于对照,说明42.5 mT磁场强度处理紫苏种子有利于种子萌发;在42.5mT的磁场强度下,3h的磁场处理对株高、根长和须根数的增加都有明显促进作用;POD和硝酸还原酶活性在3h时相对增幅最大,说明42.5mT的磁场强度处理紫苏种子时,3h为最佳处理时间。     

茶树叶绿素合成相关基因克隆及在白叶1号不同白化阶段的表达

高等植物叶绿素的生物合成对其正常光合作用起关键作用。本文根据前期芯片杂交结果, 采用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了3个茶树叶绿素合成相关基因, 分别为谷氨酸-tRNA还原酶(CsGluTR)、叶绿素合酶(CsChlS)、叶绿素酸醋氧化酶(CsCAO), 对应的GenBank的登录号为HQ660371、HQ660370、HQ660369。序列分析表明, CsGluTR基因全长2165 bp, 开放阅读框长1665 bp, 编码554个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白分子量约为60.6 kD, 理论等电点为8.78;CsChlS基因全长1463 bp, 其中开放阅读框长1125 bp, 编码374个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白分子量约为40.5 kD, 理论等电点为8.58;CsCAO基因全长2146 bp, 其中开放阅读框长1611 bp, 编码536个氨基酸, 推测的蛋白分子量约为60.8 kD, 理论等电点为8.03。比对分析表明, 3个基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他植物中同源基因的相似性均在70%以上。利用荧光定量PCR技术检测3个基因在不同白化阶段的表达,表明, CsChlS和CsCAO基因具有明显的表达协同性, 它们在叶片中的表达量与叶片的颜色变化高度同步;而CsGluTR在白化叶片和正常叶片中的表达差异相对较小, 同时在新生芽叶转绿过程中最先恢复正常表达水平。说明在白化叶片中, 叶绿素的合成机制受到较大影响, 叶绿素合成受阻导致的叶片内色素类物质含量降低或消失是叶片白化的直接原因。     

木糖还原酶基因克隆及重组表达载体的构建

木糖还原酶是木糖醇生物合成的关键酶,催化木糖合成木糖醇。以实验室筛选并经分子生物学鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母的木糖还原酶基因为基础,以酵母表达载体pPICZαA成功构建了含有木糖还原酶的重组表达载体pPICZαA-xyl,为进一步研究真核表达木糖还原酶和木糖醇的生产奠定基础。     

Temporal shifts in diversity and quantity of nirS and nirK in a rice paddy field soil

Denitrification is an important part of the nitrogen cycle in the environment, and diverse bacteria, archaea, and fungi are known to have denitrifying ability. Rice paddy field soils have been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the microbes responsible for denitrification in rice paddy field soils are not well known. Present study analyzed the diversity and quantity of the nitrite reductase genes (nirS and nirK) in a rice paddy field soil, sampled four times in one rice-growing season. Clone library analyses suggested that the denitrifier community composition varied over sampling time. Although many clones were distantly related to the known NirS or NirK, some clones were related to the NirS from Burkholderiales and Rhodocyclales bacteria, and some were related to the NirK from Rhizobiales bacteria. These denitrifiers may play an important role in denitrification in the rice paddy field soil. The quantitative PCR results showed that nirK was more abundant than nirS in all soil samples, but the nirK/nirS ratio decreased after water logging. These results suggest that both diversity and quantity changed over time in the rice paddy field soil, in response to the soil condition.     

壳聚糖对油松种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性的影响

用不同浓度的壳聚糖处理油松种子,其发芽率、发芽势、种子活力和幼苗生长量均增高,且在一定范围内存在着浓度效应;在最适浓度(0.2)时其活力指数是对照的2.2倍;用壳聚糖处理正在生长的幼苗,其叶绿素、干物质、可溶性蛋白质、氨基酸含量均明显提高,分别比对照增高了54.4、46、47.7、37.8;而NO-3-N含量降低,同时硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷酰胺合成酶(GS)活性增强.实验结果表明,壳聚糖处理不仅能促进种子萌发,也能增强幼苗的光合能力和对无机氮素的同化利用,对植物的生长发育以及最终的产量形成具有明显的调节作     

亚硝酸还原酶高产菌株的筛选及发酵条件优化

通过紫外线对巨大芽孢杆菌MPF-906进行了诱变处理,提高了产酶能力,变异株Z85酶活达到28.76 U/mL。进一步对其发酵条件进行研究,优化了培养基和培养条件。优化的培养基为：葡萄糖1.5%,牛肉膏0.2%,硫酸铵0.1%,K₂HPO₄ 0.135%,KH₂PO₄ 0.07%,NaCl 0.1%;无机盐溶液10 mL/L（即MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.04%、MnSO₄·H₂O 0.001%、CaCl₂·2H₂O 0.002%）。发酵条件为：摇床转速160 rpm,接种量4%,初始pH 6.5,30 ℃发酵20 h。在此最优化条件下,亚硝酸还原酶的酶活达到45.94 U/mL。