温度对微小花蝽实验种群增长的影响

实验室饲养观察结果表明，在15－35℃温度范围内，随温度升高，微小花蝽的发育速率加快，成虫寿命缩短，在25℃下的世代存活率最高。根据实验数据计算出该虫的卵期发育起点温度为13．6℃，有效积温为1＝55．15日．度；若虫期发育起点温度为8．0℃，有效积温为270．1日．度。组建了25℃和30℃两种温度下的该虫的实验种群生命表。     

桃蚜提取液对南方小花蝽行为的影响

在室内（２５±１℃，ＲＨ７０％）条件下，研究了桃蚜 Ｍｙｚｕｓ　ｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ不同溶剂提取液对南方小花蝽Ｏｒｉｕｓ　ｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ行为的反应。结果表明，桃蚜虫体用水研磨的浆液、用水或９５％乙醇研磨提取的滤液，均含有很强的活性物质，而且用乙醇提取的滤液活性更强。其中桃蚜虫体用水研磨的浆液对南方小花蝽行为有很显著的影响。南方小花蝽对提取的活性物质均表现有明显的滞留和调转行为。     

生草园捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽的人工操纵技术

在北京巨山农场果园中，分别在６月初和６月中旬，刈割苹果树行间的紫花苜蓿并将其放在树冠下后，东亚小花蝽既向割草区周围的紫花苜蓿上扩散，也向割草区苹果树上迁移。割草后３天，割草区周围紫花苜蓿上小花蝽数量增加２０％～１１９％，其增加量随距割草区距离的增加而减少，割草区苹果树冠上小花蝽数量比割草前增加２～３倍，蝽螨比可提高１４倍，树冠小花蝽增加的数量受小花蝽扩散能力和割草时间的影响。试验结果表明，适时刈割苹果园中的紫花苜蓿，对控制害螨有明显的作用     

Field trial measuring the compatibility of methoxyfenozide and flonicamid with Orius laevigatus Fieber (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in a commercial pepper greenhouse

BACKGROUND: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are among the most serious pests of sweet peppers in greenhouses. Chemical control is difficult because of their high reproductive rates and insecticide resistance, and seasonal inoculative releases of Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias‐Henriot) are commonly used to reduce their populations. As chemical treatments are often needed in the crop against other pests, the side effects of methoxyfenozide (an insect growth regulator against lepidopteran pests) and flonicamid (a selective feeding inhibitor against sucking insects) were studied in both beneficial organisms in a commercial greenhouse. RESULTS: Orius laevigatus and A. swirskii were released at commercial rates (4–5 and 100 m^?2), and a strong establishment and a very homogeneous distribution were reached. One pesticide treatment with the maximum field recommended concentration of methoxyfenozide and flonicamid (96 and 100 mg AI L^?1) was done when they were well established, and their population levels were not affected either immediately or up to 30 days after treatment. CONCLUSION: The results are indicative of no impact of methoxyfenozide and flonicamid on the two natural enemies in the field, and both can be considered as potential alternatives to be included in IPM programmes in sweet pepper. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The contact toxicity of indoxacarb and five other insecticides to Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), beneficials used in the greenhouse industry

The contact toxicity of indoxacarb, abamectin, endosulfan, insecticide soap, S-kinoprene and dimethoate to Orius insidiosus (Say) and Aphidius colemani Viereck were studied in the laboratory. These beneficials are often used in the greenhouses to manage various insect pests. Indoxacarb is slow acting and therefore, to estimate lethal dosages, observations should be continued for several days until data stabilize. Seven days after treatment, the LC50 was 0.119 g AI litre(-1) for O insidiosus adults and 0.019 g AI litre(-1) for A colemani. At that time, the recommended field concentration was 0.479 times the LC50 for O insidiosus adults and three times the LC50 for A colemani. In contrast, indoxacarb had no adverse effect on the reproductive capacity of wasps surviving a treatment or the developing wasps in the aphid mummy. Among the other insecticides S-kinoprene was the most innocuous while dimethoate was the most toxic to the two beneficials. The other insecticides had overlapping toxicities.     

营养和环境因子对东亚小花蝽生殖的影响

本文研究北京苹果园三种杂草,蚜虫及环境因子对东亚小花蝽生殖的影响。结果表明,越冬代东亚小花蝽在苹果园３月下旬卵巢开始发育,４月初卵巢成熟,并开始产卵。夏至草（Ｌａｇｏｐｓｉｓｓｕｐｉｎａ）甘野菊（Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｒｎａｂｏｒｅｄｌｅ）和泥胡菜（Ｈｅｍｉｓｔｅｐｔａｌｙｒａｔａ）是东亚小花蝽越冬和早春繁衍的主要场所。室内饲养的小花蝽在３种无蚜虫感染的杂草上均能产卵,但产卵量极低,在带有蚜虫的３种     

南方小花蝽的发育与繁殖研究

研究了在27℃条件下,南方小花蝽取食蚕豆蚜的发育和繁殖情况,并组建了实验种群生命表和繁殖特征生命表,计算了生命表的有关参数。结果表明,南方小花蝽取食蚕豆蚜时的未成熟期平均为21.02d,雌成虫平均寿命为7.55d,其平均产卵量为35.55粒,日产卵量为6.29粒,平均产卵期5.6d。南方小花蝽的种群趋势指数为7.17,净生殖率为6.57;内禀增长能力为0.074 9,周限增长率为1.077 4,种群加倍时间为9.257 6d。     

高温冲击对东亚小花蝽存活及生殖特性的影响

测定了在不同高温（39、41、43℃）下冲击1 h后,东亚小花蝽成虫存活率、产卵前期、产卵量、寿命等生殖特性指标的差异。结果表明：随着温度的升高,东亚小花蝽成虫的存活率从94.44%下降到68.89%;东亚小花蝽雌虫的产卵前期随温度升高而延长,25℃恒温条件下雌虫产卵前期平均为2.56 d,43℃高温处理1 h后延长至4.11 d;短时高温冲击显著降低东亚小花蝽成虫的单雌产卵量,25℃恒温条件下单雌产卵量平均为60.44粒,41℃冲击1 h后,其产卵量为24.10粒,43℃冲击1 h后仅为13.78粒;东亚小花蝽成虫寿命随温度的升高而降低,25℃恒温条件下,雌成虫寿命平均为15.33 d,而43℃高温冲击1 h后,雌虫寿命仅为8.11 d。以上结果表明,短时高温冲击导致东亚小花蝽生殖适应性下降。     

添加蜂蜜水对南方小花蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响

为更好地繁殖天敌昆虫南方小花蝽,用西花蓟马同时添加蜂蜜水对其进行饲养,研究蜂蜜水对南方小花蝽生长发育、存活寿命和繁殖等方面的影响.结果表明,添加蜂蜜水处理的南方小花蝽的若虫发育历期、成虫获得率与对照没有显著性差异.但添加蜂蜜水可显著提高南方小花蝽雌成虫寿命和产卵量,雌成虫寿命从16.87 d延长到23.00 d,产卵量从104.47粒增加到150.25粒.说明,蜂蜜水对南方小花蝽的寿命和产卵量有一定的促进作用,可作为大量繁殖时的补充饲料.     

苦参碱及吡虫啉对南方小花蝽的影响

为评价植物源杀虫剂和化学杀虫剂对南方小花蝽的影响,在室内条件下采用浸渍法比较了苦参碱及吡虫啉对西花蓟马的毒力,并分别利用两种杀虫剂对西花蓟马2龄若虫的LC50剂量作用于南方小花蝽,探究其对南方小花蝽捕食作用、雌成虫寿命和产卵量的影响.结果显示,苦参碱和吡虫啉对西花蓟马2龄若虫的LC5o值分别为24.811 mg/L和13.911 mg/L,两种药剂处理后南方小花蝽对西花蓟马的功能反应符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程,但其瞬时攻击率降低,苦参碱处理的瞬时攻击率高于吡虫啉处理;药剂处理后南方小花蝽雌成虫寿命及产卵量均下降,雌成虫寿命由22.0 d分别缩至19.0d及11.0d,其平均日产卵量由3.92粒/雌分别下降至2.25粒/雌及0.91粒/雌.研究表明苦参碱对南方小花蝽的影响小于吡虫啉.