Seasonal patterns of dispersal of ascospores of Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight)

Infected barks of chestnut blight cankers, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica , were collected from a naturally infected orchard and incubated at different temperatures. Cankers started to discharge ascospores about a week after incubation at 15–25°C; most ascospores were collected at 20 and 25°C. When incubated at 5, 10 or 30°C, only a few cankers released a small number of ascospores and only during the later stages of incubation. However, the rate of formation of perithecia was not affected by the incubation temperature. The number of airborne ascospores was monitored using a volumetric spore trap in a chestnut orchard during 1996 and 1997. In both years, the number of ascospores trapped daily varied greatly, but in general it increased sharply from March onwards, reached a peak in May, and then declined steeply. There was a significant correlation between daily counts of ascospores and air temperature. Time-series transfer function (TF) analysis showed a positive association of the daily number of ascospores with increasing temperature, rain events and wet/humid conditions. In general, values predicted by the TF model agreed well with the observed pattern. However, a multiple regression equation based on TF analysis failed to provide a satisfactory prediction of the daily number of ascospores.     

栗疫病菌表型特征的遗传分析

 本文对栗疫病菌的菌落形态、α-酯酶、β-酯酶及营养体亲和性(VC)特征进行了遗传分析。对有性后代的38个单子囊孢子菌株的研究结果显示:亲本菌株366与68的菌落形态、β-酯酶中(采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法)相对迁移率为2.17和2.33的2条酶带的遗传分别由1个位点上的2个等位基因控制;α-酯酶中相对迁移为2.54与2.772条酶带的遗传由相互连锁的2个基因位点控制;α-酯酶与β-酯酶间存在完全连锁关系;菌株366与68之间至少存在4个VC基因差异。     

栗疫菌弱毒力特征的传递及其影响因素

栗疫菌 (Cryphonectriaparasitica)弱毒力 (hypovirulence)的本质是菌体中含有一种弱毒性病毒 (cryphonectriahypovirulenceviruses ,CHV)dsRNA(Choietal,1992 ;Morrisetal,1979)。栗疫菌的弱毒力菌株 (H菌株 )一般都具有将强毒力 (virulent)菌株 (V菌株 )转化为弱毒力菌株的能     

锥栗对栗疫病的抗性与苯丙氨酸解氨酶的关系

健康的锥栗(Castanea henryi)皮层中,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)比活力与抗感病性之间不相关.不同抗病性的锥栗品种接种栗疫菌(Cryphonectria parastttca)后,PAL比活力均上升,接种144 h后,PAL比活力抗病性强的品种比抗病性弱的品种高.接种前以及接种后的各个时间内,木质素含量都是抗病品种比感病品种高.绿原酸的含量与品种的抗病性之间不呈规律性的相关,从绿原酸对栗疫菌菌丝生长影响的测定结果可知,锥栗体内的绿原酸浓度不足以影响栗疫菌.可见,接种后的皮层PAL比活力以及接种前、后的皮层木质素含量可作为衡量锥栗抗病性强弱的指标.     

G418抗性筛选标记在板栗疫病菌中的应用

板栗疫病菌一低毒病毒系统．是一个优良的研究植物病原真菌致病和病毒一宿主相互作用分子机制的模型。随着研究的深入，原有的苯菌灵和潮霉素两个遗传转化筛选标记已不能满足研究需要。文章报道构建一个由构巢曲trpC启动子驱动的G418抗性Neo基因盒，并成功应用于板栗疫病菌的遗传转化研究。     

栗疫病菌对板栗几丁质酶活性的诱导

以板栗 (Castanea mollissima Bl.)实生苗和嫁接苗 (怀黄 )为试材 ,研究了栗疫病菌 (Cryphonectriaparasitica)菌块、CFE、ME等对板栗几丁质酶的诱导 ,测定了几丁质酶活性、比活性 ,并对其进行初步纯化。结果表明 ,菌块对板栗几丁质酶总活性、比活性的诱导效果最佳 ;接种后 35～ 4 0 h几丁质酶活性持续上升并达到高峰 ,之后开始下降。能够同时检测到板栗几丁质酶的内切酶和外切酶 ,以内切酶活性稍高。初步确定板栗几丁质酶的分子质量为 6 0 ku     

Multilocus PCR assay reveals high diversity of vegetative compatibility types in populations of Cryphonectria parasitica in Croatia

The ascomycete fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, causal agent of chestnut blight, is probably one of the best known invasive fungal pathogens in forests of Europe and North America. Mycovirus that reduces virulence of C. parasitica can be used as a biocontrol agent of the chestnut blight. However, anastomosis‐mediated virus transmission is limited by a vegetative (in)compatibility (vc) system involving at least six known diallelic vic genetic loci. This study looked at vegetative compatibility (vc) diversity in two populations of C. parasitica in Croatia. For that purpose, a PCR assay was validated and implemented using already known/published and newly designed primers for amplification of six known vic loci. The vc genotypes determined by PCR for 158 C. parasitica isolates investigated in this study were in complete agreement with the vc genotypes determined by pairwise co‐culturing of the same isolates, revealing the specificity and accuracy of the PCR‐based molecular vic genotyping assay. Twenty‐six unique vc genotypes were found among 158 isolates, and 19 vc types per population, which makes Croatian C. parasitica populations among the most diverse in Europe regarding the number of vc types and genetic diversity. Low values of multilocus linkage disequilibrium suggest sexual reproduction as a major contributor to high C. parasitica genetic diversity in studied populations.     

培养条件对栗疫菌毒素产生的影响

本文以中国板栗当年生幼嫩枝条作为栗疫菌粗毒素生物检测材料,对该病菌的产毒条件进行了研究。结果表明：栗疫菌在不同培养液的产毒能力有明显的差异,7种培养液中C（PD＋板栗煎汁）培养液产毒能力最强;栗疫病菌产毒能力以培养温度为26℃,培养基pH值为6的条件下培养18d生物活性最强;最佳氮源为蛋白胨;较好的碳源为糊精。