蛋白质着色动力学研究

经过蛋白质着色动力学的研究，发现蛋白质着色的行为遵循数学模型Ｙ＝ａＸ＾ｂ。在ｐＨ２－６范围内，蛋白质上染料随染溶ｐＨ的下降而上升，在１５－３０℃温度范围内，蛋白质上染率随温度上升略有提高，当温度超过３０℃时，蛋白质上染率逐渐下降。染浴中添加稀土对蛋白质有较强的促染效果，其实质是染浴中蛋白质首先对稀土高价阳离子进行结合，再通过高价阳离子对色素进吸附。     

Effectiveness of four methods for tagging juveniles of farm-reared gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, L.

This study tested different tags for each size of farm-reared gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. juveniles, used in enhancement programmes. The following tags were tested: dye mark, fingerling tag, opercular tag, anchor tag A (filament diameter of 1.20 mm) and anchor tag B (0.85 mm). Tag/mark retention, wounds produced by the tag, ease of application, ease of detection and cost were examined. Epidermal dye marks had poor retention and detection rates. Of the tags tested, retention was greater for the anchor tag A (80–100%) after 7 months; anchor tag B showed a retention rate of only 20% after 3 months. The fingerling tag had a retention rate of 27.5% after 12 months. The opercular tag had a retention rate of 44% after 20 days but fractured the opercular bone in many cases. Tag incisions and wounds persisted in some fish for the duration of the experiment.     

海南芒果寒害保险合同费率厘定与修正研究

利用海南岛1990—2010年的芒果产量数据和1961—2010年的气象数据,计算了芒果的寒害减产历史序列,应用极值理论构建了产量风险分布模型,依此对各市(县)纯保险费率进行了厘定。并根据寒害的气象风险与产量风险区划成果,通过聚类分析得到区域风险系数,对纯保险费率进行修正,确定了不同免赔额下海南各市(县)芒果寒害保险的纯保险费率。结果表明:不同免赔额下白沙、琼中、五指山和澄迈的纯保险费率最高,说明其寒害风险最高,儋州、临高、屯昌的纯保险费率次之,风险也较高,这与气象指标统计的寒害风险基本一致,说明中部和西北部的芒果种植受寒害影响较大,适合采用高免赔额的费率标准。本研究中纯保险费率是根据气象资料计算而得的,避免了因采用产量资料出现资料短而不稳定的问题,可以有效的防止逆向选择和道德风险,有利于其他热带水果气象指数保险产品设计的借鉴,并使更多的农户参与到保险中来。     

菌株Bacillus sp.CLb芽孢漆酶对染料、模拟染料废水脱色的研究

[目的]研究芽孢杆菌菌株CLb的芽孢漆酶在介体的互作下对不同类型的染料及模拟染料废水的脱色效果。[方法]制备芽孢粗酶液,在介体的互作下,测定具有漆酶活性的粗酶液对活性亮蓝、活性黑、靛红和结晶紫的脱色效果,筛选出对染料脱色有促进作用的漆酶介体,并且研究芽孢漆酶在不同pH条件下对染料和模拟染料废水脱色的影响。[结果]菌株CLb的芽孢漆酶在无介体参与下只能使活性亮蓝和结晶紫脱色。在介体乙酰丁香酮（ACE）的作用下,芽孢漆酶对4种染料的脱色率均超过70%。在pH 7.0条件下,芽孢漆酶浓度为44.74 U/L和介体ACE浓度为1 mmol/L时对模拟染料废水的脱色效果最好,6 h脱色率超过80%。在介体乙酰丁香酮存在,pH 7.0的条件下,菌株CLb的芽孢漆酶对合成染料脱色效率高于pH 9.0时的脱色率。[结论]在介体乙酰丁香酮的存在下,芽孢漆酶对染料和模拟染料废水均具有较好的脱色效果。     

存款保险制度对农村中小金融机构影响分析

存款保险制度对于保护中小储户的利益、维护金融稳定有着积极的作用,但存款保险制度容易产生道德风险和逆向选择,因此科学合理地设计存款保险制度的具体内容至关重要。农村中小金融机构有必要纳入存款保险体系中,但是对其征收保费费率要控制在较低水平之内。     

白腐菌糙皮侧尔漆酶性质及其对蒽醌染料脱色性能的研究

白腐菌糙皮侧尔(Pleurotus ostreatus strain 3.42)分泌胞外漆酶，但未发现分泌木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(MnP)、每升反应液以0．5mmol 2，2′-连氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)(ABTS)和0．1mmol的Cu^2 为诱导剂可明显提高漆酶酶活，酶活分别可达1000和800U／mL。与其它真菌漆酶相比，该酶最适反应pH值为3．5，在pH值4．0～6．0之间酶活性稳定；最适反应温度为65℃，在醋酸缓冲液(pH值5．0)中，反应温度低于50℃时，漆酶非常稳定；该酶对对-甲氧基酚的氧化速度要快于邻-甲氧基酚。叠氮化钠对该漆酶有强烈的抑制作用。蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R(RBBR)可被该漆酶(30U／mL)直接脱色，12h脱色率为70％；添加小分子的介体物质ABTS(5μmol／L)，可使染料完全脱色。     

Productivity and profitability of multistrata organic versus conventional coffee farms in Costa Rica

In areas where traditional multistrata coffee systems have been transformed to systems with patchy or no shade at all, often dependent on high chemical inputs, ecological and socioeconomic degradation has become an increasing issue. During the 1990s, rising environmental and health concerns have promoted the interest in organic production systems and their environmental services for natural resource conservation. This study compared productivity, profitability, producer-defined constraints, and goals and research priorities between ten individually paired organic and conventional coffee farms in Costa Rica. Although five of the organic farms matched or exceeded the production of their conventional counterparts, the three-year mean yield of the organic farms as a group was 22% lower than that of the conventional farms. However, excluding organic certification costs, mean variable costs and net income (NI) were similar for both groups, mainly because organic price premiums received by the farmers compensated for lower yields. If current organic certification costs are included, the price premiums paid to organic producers would have to increase to 38% in order to equal the NI from conventional coffee. Conventional farmers indentified low and unstable prices as the main constraints to sustained production and stated further intensification of production as their main goal. In contrast, the key issues for future development of the organic group centered on farm diversification, agroecological self-sufficiency, and agronomic practices that permit organic farm management. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dyeability of Chemically Treated Wood and its Discoloration by UV-ray Irradiation

INTRODUCTION Wood is far from a stable material. One of the biggest challenges for woodworking is learning to work within the constraints of wood properties. Discoloration of wood directly influences the decorative performance of wood products. Therefore, the degree of color change is a critical factor that determines the utilization area of dyed wood (Sakuragawa Satoshi, 1996). Discoloration has occurred because the wood components and dye molecules are degraded by UV-ray (Kaneko Shin…     

农业保险保费补贴政策是否缓解了农产品市场风险

最近几年的中央一号文件均有涉及深化农业保险发展的内容,在进一步推进农业保险前,探究农业保险保费补贴政策是否有效降低农产品市场风险有显著的政策和现实意义。本文以首批中央财政农业保险保费补贴的农产品水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花为例,首先利用Chow检验判断中央财政出台农业保险保费补贴政策是否为大宗农产品价格变化的一个间断点,之后利用GARCH模型探究中央财政施行农业保险保费补贴后,农产品市场价格波动的风险是否发生显著变化。结果表明,农业保险保费补贴政策实施后,水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花价格的变异系数明显下降;中央财政对农业保险保费补贴是这5类农产品价格变动的一个间断点。GARCH模型证实了农业保险保费补贴政策降低了这5类农产品价格的波动程度,即农业保险保费补贴政策缓解了大宗粮棉油农产品市场风险。研究表明,中央财政补贴农业保险保费的政策,实际上是利用市场化手段间接管控农业风险,这种方式是有效的,夯实了农业保险扩面、增品、提标的必要性。     

蚕丝纤维在反相乳液中对酸性染料的吸附性能

为了达到节水节能的目的,使用非离子型表面活性剂TX-100、正辛醇、异辛烷和酸性染料水溶液制备用于蚕丝纤维染色的非离子型反胶束体系。首先研究pH值和增溶水量对染料平衡吸附量的影响,接着使用酸性橙156、酸性黑234和酸性媒介黑9对蚕丝纤维进行吸附实验,并使用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型对实验数据进行拟合,考察染料结构与染料平衡吸附量之间的关系。结果表明,在反胶束体系中pH值的增加不利于蚕丝对酸性染料的吸附,在增溶水量W=10时染料的平衡吸附量达到极大值。此外,蚕丝纤维对酸性染料的吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附模型,该吸附过程为单分子吸附,并属于优惠吸附;蚕丝对酸性媒介黑9的平衡吸附量最大,这与染料的分子结构有关。