列当科植物化学成分与药理研究进展

本文对我国列当科主要药用属植物的化学成分及药理研究作了概述,并对列当科植物的进一步研究作了简要展望。     

Parasitic weeds of the Orobanchaceae family and their natural hosts in Jordan

A field survey of the Orobanchaceae family members and their hosts in Jordan was carried out from 2003 to 2007. The intensity of parasite infection on different hosts and the severity of the infestation were evaluated. The results showed the presence of seven species of Orobanche and three species of Cistanche . The Orobanche species were found parasitizing 86 plant species belonging to 24 botanical families. Most of the species attacked by Orobanche were from the Compositae (20 species), Solanaceae (11 species), Leguminosae (nine species), Umbelliferae (seven species), Cruciferae (seven species), Cucurbitaceae (four species), Labiatae (four species), and Rosaceae (four species) families. Other families were represented by one-to-three species. Cistanche attacked 20 species of forage wild shrubs, fruit trees, and forest trees of seven families, mostly belonging to the Chenopodiaceae (seven species) and Leguminosae (three species) families. Previously unreported hosts for both genera include: Amygdalus communis , Olea europaea , and Quercus coccifera , which were parasitized by Orobanche palaestina ; A. communis , O. europaea , Prunus armeniaca , and Prunus persica , which were parasitzed by Orobanche cernua ; O. europaea and A. communis , which were parasitzed by Orobanche schultzii ; Haloxylon persicum , which was parasitzed by Cistanche lutea ; Punica granatum , Alhagi maurorum , Casuarina equisetifolia , Centaurea postii , and Prosopis farcta , which were parasitzed by Cistanche tubulosa ; and Achillea spp., Anabasis syriaca , H. persicum , Haloxylon salicornicum, Suaeda spp., and Zilla spinosa , which were parasitzed by Cistanche salsa . Certain Orobanche species were completely destructive to the cultivated crops. The results indicated the high potential of both parasitic genera to spread and to attack new hosts, while the threat they impose to agriculture in Jordan will probably result from poor management and deficiences in farmers' training.     

马先蒿引种栽培问题的探讨

马先蒿属植物作为一系列重要生物学问题的经典研究材料和颇具开发潜力的野生花卉资源,颇受生物学家和园艺学家的关注。然而其栽培问题至今未能解决, 致使其开发利用受到限制。多数生物学家将马先蒿栽培困难的原因归咎于其半寄生特性, 长期以来专注于探寻合适的寄主植物。作者在查阅文献时发现, 具半寄生特性的马先蒿在有伴生植物的栽培条件下成苗率仍然很低。由此推断可能存在其它更为重要的限制因子。本文在结合文献信息和本课题组考察结果的基础上, 指出了菌根真菌和其它生态因子在马先蒿引种栽培中的重要地位, 提出了打破传统理论的束缚而结合具体情况全面考察的观点。