莲藕淀粉RVA谱特征和淀粉粒形态的研究

 对莲藕根状茎成熟期淀粉特性的研究结果表明: 4个品种表观直链淀粉含量(AAC) 从高到低依次为‘美人红’、‘鄂莲1号’、‘鄂莲4号’和‘武植2号’。根状茎中淀粉粒形态主要有近圆球形和长椭球形两种, 武植2号和鄂莲4号近圆球形淀粉粒明显多于鄂莲1号、美人红。武植2号和鄂莲4号的淀粉糊化特性相似, 其峰值粘度均较高, 冷胶粘度显著低于峰值粘度, 且回复值较小, 消减值为负值; 鄂莲1号和美人红的峰值粘度均较小, 冷胶粘度接近甚至大于峰值粘度, 回复值、消减值均显著大于武植2号和鄂莲4号。AAC与峰值粘度和崩解值呈极显著负相关, r分别为- 0.9748^**和- 0.9793^**, 与回复值、消减值呈极显著正相关, r分别为0.9860^**和0.9804^**, 与冷胶粘度、峰值时间、糊化温度呈显著正相关, r分别为0.9339^*、0.9392^*、0.9130^*。淀粉粒形态结构上的差异可能造成了淀粉糊化特性的差异。     

莲鞭扦插繁殖初报

1987～1988两年在杭州采用莲鞭扦插法代替传统的种藕繁殖,结果表明,莲鞭扦插具有下列优点:1.节约种藕.扩大繁殖系数.加速良种繁育.2.提高藕田复种指数,3.延长嫩藕上市时间.4.所结的藕体大小比较均匀,适宜作种藕.     

子莲新品种——“建选17号”亲本分子鉴定

建选17号系红花建莲/寸三莲65//太空莲2号复合杂交选育而成的子莲新品种。利用RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术,对4个莲子基因型的亲缘关系进行鉴定。结果显示,莲子亲本之间具有丰富的遗传背景;在所检测到的多态性位点中,建选17号与红花建莲相同的有14个,占25.93%;与寸三莲65相同的有11个,占20.37%;与太空莲2号相同的有32个,占59.26%。但是ISSR检测到1个位点(ISSR-L8-950bp)为建选17号所特有。建选17号97.44%的遗传信息分别来自不同的亲本基因型,并发生了部分遗传变异;与太空莲2号、寸三莲65、红花建莲的遗传距离分别为0.1467、0.5792、0.6646。从而从DNA水平证实了建选17号确系3个亲本的复合杂交后代。     

椰壳自动粉碎机的设计

针对椰子(Cocos nucifera L.)壳质地坚硬、难以粉碎的特点,结合目前中国南方热带城市的椰子加工现状,设计了一种椰壳粉碎设备,介绍了其挤压装置、液压传动装置、粉碎刀的设计。结果表明,设计的椰壳自动粉碎机粉碎率为93%,粉碎时间不到人工粉碎时间的1/5。该设备的实现可降低人工劳动强度,操作简便,可靠性高,提高了椰子产品的综合利用率,符合目前椰子综合处理的需求。     

基于SRAP标记的莲种质资源遗传多样性分析

利用SRAP标记对来自国内外莲主要产区在20世纪初期育出、并在莲育种中具有重要利用价值的40份莲属材料进行了分析。11对引物在40份材料中共扩增了184条条带,多态性条带127条,多态性频率为69.0%,表明莲属具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,莲属种质资源可分为3大类群,这与传统意义上的形态学分类相一致。且40份莲品种(材料)表现出很强的地域相似性,这说明来自同一个地域内的品种(材料)分化程度低,遗传多样性不丰富,极易造成品种单一化。     

莲属植物叶片及花瓣的比较解剖学研究

对莲属(Nelumbo)植物的叶片及花瓣进行了比较解剖学研究.结果表明,莲属植物的叶片均有明显的栅栏组织和海绵组织之分,但二者的厚度及它们在叶肉中所占的比例有一定的差别;叶肉细胞内经常可以观察到草酸钙晶体;莲花瓣上下表皮均有乳状突起,无栅栏组织,仅有极为疏松的海绵组织,气室发达.同时,从研究结果来看,美国莲与中国莲在叶片和花瓣的解剖结构上没有明显差异;热带来源的莲与温带来源的莲之间并没有明显分化.莲叶片与花瓣解剖特征均表现出莲对水生生活的适应性,而其种间及种内的分化均不明显.     

莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性测定

对海南省海口市桂林洋莲藕田的莲藕植株上发生的一种新病害莲藕棒孢霉叶斑病的病原进行了鉴定,并对病原菌进行了生物学特性测定。研究结果表明:该病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢[Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.&Curst.) Wei];病原菌菌丝生长的适宜条件为温度25～30℃,pH 6～9,碳源为无水葡萄糖或D-木糖,氮源为牛肉膏或大豆蛋白胨;最适生长条件为温度28℃,pH 7,碳源为无水葡萄糖,氮源为牛肉膏。光照对该病原菌的影响不大。     

荷花、睡莲根段繁殖试验

为了研究水生观赏植物的繁殖方法,对宝鸡植物园的荷花、睡莲进行了根段繁殖试验,结果表明:(1)根段繁殖与分株繁殖相比,繁殖植株数量多;与播种繁殖相比,生长快,经过幼苗阶段很快进入营养生长或生殖生长期。(2)荷花根段繁殖,当年可生出主藕、子藕、孙藕,当年成活株中70%可开花供观赏。而睡莲根段繁殖,当年能生根、发叶,但未形成供下次繁殖的地下茎,也未形成花器。     

Genetic diversity and relationships of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars based on allozyme and ISSR markers

Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of lotus (Nelumbo Adanson) cultivars were evaluated using allozyme and ISSR markers. The samples used covered 11 accessions of possible hybrids between Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea and 92 accessions of N. nucifera including 69 flower lotus, 13 rhizome lotus, 5 seed lotus and 5 wild lotus. For allozyme studies, a total of 31 alleles at 23 loci of 18 enzyme systems were detected of which 5 (21.7%) loci Aat, Idh, Mdh-2, Pgd, Sod were polymorphic. The loci of Aat and Idh included two alleles, Mdh-2, Pgd and Sod included three alleles. Eighteen genotypes were detected with the 13 alleles of the 5 polymorphic loci. The parameters of average allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 1.35 ± 0.71, 0.06 ± 0.21, 0.05 ± 0.14, 0.10 ± 023, respectively. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 93 loci, of which 37.63% were polymorphic across all samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci, average allele number, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 26.67%, 1.30 ± 0.46, 0.10 ± 0.18 and 0.15 ± 0.25, respectively for the ISSR data. The ‘Bottleneck effect’ and rapid propagation of clones after the ice ages may explain the low genetic diversity of lotus. The dendrograms based on ISSR and allozymes were not congruent. Based on the ISSR data, the 103 samples were divided into the N. nucifera group (Group I), and the group containing inter-specific hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea (Group II). The flower lotus, rhizome lotus, and seed lotus each has multiple sources of origin. Plant size, a criterion commonly used in the classification of cultivars of lotus, is not correlated with genetic variation. Flower color is correlated with the cultivar classification to some degree, but its variation is complex in the hybrids.