山西四种鸮形目鸟类生态习性的初步研究

本研究于山西吴城地区对4种鸮形目鸟类的生态习性进行了研究，旨在积累该地区鸮形目鸟类的生态学基础资料。利用样线法记录迁徙时间，并收集繁殖季栖息地、巢卵特征的数据资料；利用食团内容物分析法分析食性。结果表明不同年份红角鸮、长耳鸮、短耳鸮的迁徙具有相似特点，均是北迁持续期时间短、间隔时间长，南迁持续期时间长，间隔时间短。红角鸮与纵纹腹小鸮在巢址选取、育雏行为等方面存在差异，营巢地更接近居民区的纵纹腹小鸮的繁殖成功率相对较高。4种鸮形目鸟类均以小型哺乳类和鸟类为主要食物，此外也取食少量昆虫和部分家畜、家禽。不同物种之间需求的重叠会导致种间竞争的增加，考虑到鸮形目鸟类在生态系统中的重要作用及其偏低的种群数量，应对其加以关注并实施保护。     

6个枣品种枣疯病抗性与枣疯植原体迁移特性差异研究

【目的】探究6个枣树品种枣疯病抗性差异以及枣树体内植原体迁移特性差异,为抗枣疯病枣树品种的选择利用以及枣疯病的防治提供基础数据。【方法】通过采集携带植原体的鸡心脆枣接穗,嫁接到健康枣树砧木上,采用田间调查与普通PCR技术相结合方法,比较不同品种抗枣疯病情况与植原体在不同枣树品种中迁移情况。【结果】不同枣树品种发病时间不同,发病率差异显著,蜂蜜罐枣、尜尜枣和猴头枣为抗病类型,冬枣、红螺脆枣和鸡心脆枣为感病类型。植原体在不同枣树品种中迁移速度不同,植原体在鸡心脆枣和冬枣内迁移速度最快,其后依次为蜂蜜罐枣、红螺脆枣、尜尜枣,在猴头枣内迁移速度最慢。【结论】6个枣树品种中蜂蜜罐枣、尜尜枣和猴头枣表现一定的抗病能力,初步确认了植原体在不同枣树品种体内迁移特征的差异,可为抗枣疯病品种的选择利用和枣疯病防治提供科学依据。     

中俄兴凯湖湿地水鸟迁徙调查

兴凯湖是亚太地区水乌重要迁飞区和栖息繁殖地。中俄兴凯湖国际自然保护区2005年共同开展的候乌迁徙调查数据，在春秋两季对兴凯湖迂徙水乌进行了调查，共统计到水乌79种80余万只，主要为雁鸭类，占总数量的96％以上。本文还对兴凯湖水域候乌迂徙的特点及影响鸟类迂徙的因素进行了分析，提出了兴凯湖湿地中俄联合保护鸟类资源的建议。     

嫩江高峰林区黄雀的迁徙研究

高峰鸟类保护环志站地处大、小兴安岭之间的嫩江河谷东岸,松嫩平原北麓。特殊的地理位置使这里成为候鸟经松嫩平原迁徒途中重要的停歇地和食物补给站。自1998年开展环志以来,截止2006年12月末,在该地区发现鸟类215种,隶属16目41科,环志鸟类165种184273只,其中,仅黄雀就环志20214只,是高峰鸟类保护环志站环志数量较多的种类,占环志总数的11%。环志研究结果发现,在高峰林区春季迁徙高峰期基本在5月15日,秋季迁徙高峰期基本在10月16日。回收信息表明,开展黄雀的环志研究,对探索鸟类迁徙规律、物种保护和野生动物疫源疫病监测等具有十分重要的意义。     

兴凯湖春季雁鸭类迁徙多样性及数量变化原因

１９８８￣１９９６年，在兴凯湖泊自然保护区对春季迁徒的雁鸭类多样性进行了观察，共记录到雁鸭类３１种，包括５种雁，２种天鹅２４种鸭。每年春季经兴凯湖北迁的雁鸭类数量为３０万￣５０万只，集中迁徒期为３月２０日￣４月１０日，同时，对１０ａ来雁鸭类数量变化及原因进行了分析。为水禽迁徒行为及种群结构的研究提供了基础资料，对制定水禽保护政策及开发利用具有重要参考价值。     

三大区域村庄类型分布的刻画：历史移民解读

中国农村存在巨大的区域差异,从社会结构上看,可以分为华南宗族团结型地区、中部原子化分散型地区和华北小亲族分裂型地区三大区域.通过数据挖掘和分析,发现我国出生性别比的分布极具规律性,显示出区域上的差异.结合中国南方方言形成及南方宗族型文化发育的共同历史移民根源,笔者将南方方言分布图与出生性别比地图及三大区域划分进行比较研究,具体分析了三者间高度关联性的共同历史移民根源.     

Distribution and migration of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea

Data on squid catches of Korean and Japan, water temperatures at depth of 100 m, and night-visible images of fishing boats collected in the East (Japan) Sea from 1970 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the distribution and migration of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The main fishing grounds detected from squid catch in each grid (0.5° latitude × 0.5° longitude) by Korean squid fishery and night-visible images provided by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) were situated in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The distribution and migration route was illustrated from squid catch in each grid and DMSP OLS image. In years of high catches, the fishing grounds were situated mainly between Ulleung Island and the eastern coastal waters of Korea, while in years of low catches they were situated between Ulleung Island and the Yamato Bank in the central East (Japan) Sea. The center of fishing activity began moving northward from around the Korea/Tsushima strait to the northern boundary of the Tsushima Warm Current in March, reaching into the Yamato Bank in September, and then returning to the strait by February. The northward and southward migration routes differed; the northward migration route occurred closer to the mainland coast of Korea than the southward migration route did. This work suggests T. pacificus begin their northward migration almost 2 months earlier than previously suggested.     

Migratory routes of short-tailed albatrosses: Use of exclusive economic zones of North Pacific Rim countries and spatial overlap with commercial fisheries in Alaska

We conducted a satellite tracking study of the endangered short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) to determine post-breeding season distribution, the amount of time spent within exclusive economic zones of Pacific Rim countries, and assess factors affecting spatial and temporal overlap with commercial fisheries in Alaska. We obtained 6709 locations for 14 albatrosses (131-808 locations and 51-138 days of tracking per bird). Albatrosses ranged widely throughout the North Pacific Rim, spending the majority of time within the exclusive economics zones of Japan, Russia (Kuril Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula), and the United States (Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, Alaska). We found evidence for gender and age-related differences in distribution and, therefore, potential interaction with regional fisheries. Overall, albatrosses spent the greatest proportion of time within the Alaska exclusive economic zone. Within Alaska, albatrosses occurred most frequently in fishery management zones that encompassed the Aleutian Islands, Bering Sea, and south of the Alaska Peninsula. Short-tailed albatrosses had the greatest potential overlap with fisheries that occurred along continental shelf break and slope regions, e.g., longlining for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), where albatrosses occurred most often. Some birds, however, also made frequent excursions onto the extensive Bering Sea shelf, suggesting significant potential for interactions with the large-scale walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) fisheries. Alaskan longline fishing fleets have been proactive in using seabird deterrent devices, however, our data further emphasize that such efforts beyond the Alaska exclusive economic zone would provide a greater conservation benefit for this species.     

兴凯湖地区东方白鹳迁徙动态及其停歇地环境条件研究

于2002年3～5月、9～11月对途经黑龙江省兴凯湖自然保护区的东方白鹳种群数量和停歇地环境条件进行研究的结果表明：东方白鹳春季迁徙的首见期3月5日，末见期4月10日，迁徒持续期5～7天，大多作1～3天的短暂停留后便继续北飞。秋季东方白鹳在9月15日至10月5日陆续迁到，11月上旬迁离，迁徙持续期35～60天，停歇期达35～60天。东方白鹳迁徙活动受风速、气温、降雨等天气影响。喜栖湿草甸、浅水湖泡及湖泡中的“塔头”。取食鱼类，两栖、爬行动物及鼠类，且以鱼类食为主。本文提出了进一步研究和保持东方白鹳迁徙停歇地的措施。     

农村劳动力转移给农村发展带来的负向影响——以安徽省为例

在对该省农村劳动力流动现状和农业生产力变化情况分析的基础上,总结出劳动力转移造成农业生产能力减弱、良田撂荒和社会成本增加这三个问题。提出通过建设产业园区和促进农业现代化来缓解这些问题。