草地早熟禾与狗牙根种群动态及种间关系的影响

 以狗牙根和草地早熟禾为材料,用二因素二次正交旋转设计,对9个不同播种比例混播草坪的种群性状进行研究,建立了草坪地上生物量、地下生物量及一致性与狗牙根和草地早熟禾播种量之间显著相关的回归模型。确定了影响草坪性状的主要因子,优化了混播草坪的最佳播种量。     

夏季狗牙根草坪不同建植方法及秋季交播黑麦草对成坪效果的影响

以狗牙根Cynodon dactylon种子和营养体为材料，在武汉地区，对5种不同建植方法建成的草坪从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性、建植成本及秋季交播多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne后翌年狗牙根的草坪质量等方面进行综合比较。结果表明：采用夏季建植狗牙根草坪并于秋季交播多年生黑麦草的方法来建植四季常绿草坪，狗牙根采用撒茎覆沙法效果最佳，其他方法依次为开沟埋茎法、闻铺草皮法、穴植草茎法；种子直播法在翌年需重新建坪。     

几种缓释肥的氮释放特性以及对草坪草生长的影响

实验室内采用水浸泡法对尿素、3种缓效肥和山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所研制(自研草坪肥)的缓效肥的初期溶出率和微分溶出率进行了测定.其中尿素的初期溶出率为22.75%,超出了国际上公认的缓/控释肥的初期溶出率小于15%的指标,而微分溶出率为0.22%,也小于国际上公认的缓/控释肥的微分溶出率(0.25%～2.5%)指标.其他几种缓释肥的初期溶出率为8.73%～14.42%,微分溶出率为0.30%～2.11%,符合国际上公认的缓/控释肥的初期溶出率和微分溶出率指标.田间试验比较和研究了尿素、3种缓效肥和山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所研制的缓效肥对草坪草的干草产量和养分含量的影响,尿素和包衣尿素处理的草坪草的生长量前期较高,后期产草量较低,呈马鞍型.其他处理的草坪草干草产量则比较平缓,肥料的氮释放特性与草坪草生长趋势相同.不同肥料处理对草坪草的中量、微量元素含量有一定的影响.     

不同追播处理的Tifway生物量及追播草坪综合质量差异性研究

1998-2000年,选用多花黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、紫羊茅、匍匐翦股颖在四川农业大学草学试验基地的种间杂交狗牙根Tifway(Cynodon dactylon×C.transvaalensis)模拟运动场地进行冬季追播试验.结果表明,未处理Tifway的地上生物量随温度升高而增加,而地下生物量的变化趋势不明显,地上、地下生物量比值保持在一个稳定区间,追播处理下Tifway的地下、地上生物量比值发生明显变化.除用多花黑麦草追播的草坪质量低于Tifway单播外,其余追播处理的草坪质量均优于单播Tifway草坪,其中追播多年生黑麦草后的混合草坪质量评分最高,为7.27分(1999年,98-D-a).另外,追播草坪质量与播种量呈负相关(相关系数为-0.228和-0.212),与播种时间呈正相关(相关系数为0.461).     

Quality assessment of three warm-season turfgrasses growing in different substrate depths on shallow green roof systems

In an effort to increase the accessibility and functionality of shallow green roof systems, the ability of warm-season grasses to provide acceptable growth needs to be further investigated. In the current study, which was conducted during 2011 and 2012, three warm-season grasses (hybrid bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy ‘MiniVerde’; seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz ‘Platinum TE’ and zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica Steud. ‘Zenith’) were established in outdoor lysimeters. The lysimeters were equipped with all necessary green roof layers placed below a coarse-textured substrate that comprised pumice, thermally treated attapulgite clay, peat, compost and zeolite. Half of the lysimeters had a substrate depth of 15 cm, while the other half had a substrate depth of 7.5 cm. Irrigation was applied at crop evapotranspiration (ET_c). Measurements included determination of substrate moisture content, green turf cover (GTC) and leaf stomatal resistance. Significant differences were observed in the values of GTC among the three turfgrass species and the two substrate depths. Zoysiagrass exhibited the best adaptation at the lower depths of shallow green roof systems. At 15 cm substrate depth, zoysiagrass managed to sustain green coverage for the two study periods. In addition, it was the only turfgrass species that managed to perform well at the substrate depth of 7.5 cm. Seashore paspalum exhibited limited green cover at both substrate depths, while hybrid bermudagrass could provide acceptable green coverage only at 15 cm substrate depth.     

Unravelling the relationship between a seasonal environment and the dynamics of forage growth in grazed swards

It is well reported in the scientific literature that pastures can have similar net forage accumulation when managed with contrasting structures. However, we hypothesized that the dynamics of forage accumulation in grazed swards is linked to seasonal-environmental conditions. Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] was used as the forage species model. The experimental treatments were four grazing heights (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm) allocated to experimental units according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates and evaluated throughout four contrasting environmental seasons (summer, autumn, winter–early spring and late spring). Under rainy and warm periods, greater net forage accumulation was observed in pastures maintained taller; on the contrary, during the mild and dry periods, net forage accumulation rate reduced as grazing height increased. Such patterns of responses were related to compensations between tiller population density and tissues flows during summer and late spring and the reduced capacity of taller canopies to compensate lower population with greater growth rates during autumn and winter–early spring. Grazed swards changed their patterns of forage growth as they transitioned from favourable to more abiotic stressful conditions, suggesting that seasonal adjustments in grazing intensities are necessary in order to maximize forage production.     

低温胁迫下草坪草抗寒性的研究进展

通过介绍低温对草坪草的影响和作用机理,系统地综述了在低温胁迫下草坪草的光合特性、水分生理代谢、细胞质膜相对透性、保护酶系变化、碳水化合物贮藏、可溶性蛋白质含量、以及脂肪酸的变化在低温胁迫方面的研究进展,提出了今后进行草坪草抗寒性研究的趋势和建议。     

草地早熟禾与高羊茅不同混播比例对草坪质量的影响

在大田条件下,研究了草地早熟禾和高羊茅不同混播比例对草坪质量的影响,以期为北方地区草坪建植提供依据。结果表明:播量一定时,随草地早熟禾比例减小、高羊茅比例增大,草坪成坪速度越快,密度越小,质地越差,颜色越深,地下植物量越大,地上植物量呈先增大后减小的趋势,草地早熟禾∶高羊茅为2∶8处理组合地上、地下植物量均最大。当高羊茅在混播组合中的比例60%后,草坪密度、质地、地上植物量趋于稳定。6种处理组合草坪综合质量从优到劣依次为AFEBCD。综合考虑成坪速度和草坪质量,草地早熟禾和高羊茅混播建坪的比例以2∶8为宜。     

再生水灌溉对草坪草生长的影响

在北京市北小河污水处理厂进行了再生水灌溉草坪草试验,选用3种再生水(二级处理水、一般三级处理水超滤、深度三级处理水反渗透)灌溉6种草坪草(草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草、匍匐翦股颖、结缕草、野牛草),再加上自来水灌溉作为对比。研究表明：在草坪草生理方面,与自来水对比,二级处理水和一般三级处理水超滤灌溉能显著促进草坪草的生长,较明显地增强草坪草抗性,而深度处理的三级处理水反渗透则不显著,这表明草坪草在再生水灌溉中有非常良好的优势;在草坪草矿质元素含量上,自来水灌溉与再生水灌溉差异很小。土壤中有害的矿质元素,如重金属、氯化物、氟化物等被草坪草大量吸收,通过修剪被移走,从而有效地减轻有害矿质元素对土壤和环境的不良影响。这表明草坪草在修复污染土壤上可能有良好的应用前景。     

再生水灌溉草坪绿地的研究进展

详细介绍了二级处理水和三级处理水灌溉草坪绿地的研究现状、热点和发展方向。综合国内外的研究成果,二级处理水和三级处理水用来灌溉草坪绿地是安全可行的,三级处理水相对于二级处理水来说成本比较高,但有逐渐代替二级处理水的趋势。