A fast,low‐cost and efficient method for the diagnosis of sperm DNA fragmentation in several species

Sperm DNA fragmentation is a condition that interferes directly in the reproductive efficiency. Currently, there are several methods for assessing the sperm DNA integrity, such as Alkaline Comet, TUNEL and Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay. However, many of these techniques are laborious and require high‐precision equipment. Thus, the development of new techniques can optimize the evaluation of sperm DNA damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to standardize the toluidine blue (TB) stain technique for the analysis of DNA fragmentation of dog, cat, bull, stallion and ram spermatozoa. For this purpose, we used six animals of each specie (n = 30), in reproductive age. Sperm was collected by different methods according to the particularities of each species, and such samples were divided into two aliquots: a sperm sample was kept at 5°C (considered as intact sperm DNA), and the remaining samples were submitted to the induction of DNA fragmentation by exposure to ultraviolet light for 4 hr. Samples were then mixed with the intact sample to obtain known and progressive proportions of sperm with fragmented DNA (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). Semen smears were performed and subjected to staining with TB. Blue‐stained spermatozoa were considered to have DNA fragmentation. We observed high linear regression coefficients between the expected proportion of damaged DNA and the results of TB for dog, cat, ram, bull and stallion samples. In conclusion, TB stain was considered a fast and effective technique for the study of spermatozoa DNA in several species.     

Recovery of sperms bearing X chromosomes with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles in ram

Pre-conceptual sex selection is still a highly debatable process whereby X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa are isolated before oocyte fertilization. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) have been used to determine X and Y chromosomes bearing spermatozoa as a result of searching for a cheap, highly efficient method using non-toxic materials. This study aimed to recover the sperm bearing X chromosomes in ram with different concentrations of MNP and then evaluate the success of this method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ram sperms were divided into four groups, treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml MNP, respectively. MNP was used to restore sperm cells bearing X chromosomes. Upon recovery, the PCR was performed to identify the X and Y sperms, Methyl ThiazoleTetrazolium (MTT), to assess MNP toxicity and sperm viability and acridine orange (AO) to evaluate sperm DNA integrity. The results of PCR revealed that the treatment of spermatozoa- bearing X chromosomes with 50 μg/ml MNP had the highest effects on the recovery of X sperm rather than the other concentrations of MNP. However, the concentrations of MNP did not have any toxic effects on spermatozoa, sperm viability and, DNA integrity, but the high concentration of MNP (200 μg/ml) significantly reduced DNA integrity. According to MTT and AO results, the concentrations of MNP used in this study had no toxic effects on spermatozoa and did not reduce the sperm viability and DNA integrity, except that 200 μg/ml MNP significantly reduced DNA integrity.     

放牧环境条件下育成公羊营养物质消化代谢的研究

本研究是在内蒙古白音锡勒种畜场自然放牧条件下进行的，按季节及自然气温分为四期，进行物质消化代谢及气体能量代谢试验，同时监测环境温度、湿度、风速及日照时数等气象指标。采用灰色关联度法分析探讨在放牧条件下，牧草营养因素和外界环境因素对育成公羊能量及营养物质代谢的影响。     

肝素或钙离子载体诱导牛、羊冻精体外获能的研究

本文采用肝素或钙离子载体(I-A)诱导牛、羊冻精体外获能,根据对去透明带仓鼠卵的穿透情况评定获能效果,并用台盼蓝·姬姆萨(TG)染色观察了精子的死活及顶体状态.结果发现,牛、羊冻精经肝素或I-A处理后与卵子一起培养,2 h穿透仓鼠卵,4 h开始形成雄原核,6 h形成发育良好的雄原核.牛冻精用50μg/mL肝素及0.1μmol/L I-A处理效果最好,穿透率分别为72.8％和92.3％;羊则以20μg/mL肝素及0.3μmol/L I-A为宜,穿透率分别为73.1％和68.O％.咖啡因与I-A或肝素并用均有协同作用,能提高精子的穿透能力,并能促进卵内原核的发育.肝素和I-A均能在体外诱导牛、羊冻精的顶体反应,有顶体反应活精子百分率与穿透率呈强正相关,羊冻精比较脆弱,获能处理后活力较低.     

苎麻对重金属复合污染土壤的修复效率研究

通过盆栽试验模拟了砷(As)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)复合污染环境,并研究了复合污染环境下不同As浓度对苎麻生长及其重金属在植株体内吸收、富集和迁移的影响。结果表明,在复合污染情况下,低浓度(≤100 mg/kg)的As对苎麻生长没有显著影响,而高浓度的As可使苎麻植株变矮、叶片易损、分蘖数及生物量减少,但仍能完成正常生理周期并且无严重毒害症状出现。由此表明,苎麻对As/Pb/Zn复合污染土壤具有一定的耐受性。且在试验条件下,苎麻植株对As、Pb、Zn的转运系数分别在0.11~2.43、0.11~1.03和0.59~1.66之间,苎麻地上部对As、Pb、Zn的富集系数分别在0.01~0.45、0.01~0.12和0.17~1.48之间,表明苎麻可作为As、Pb、Zn单一或复合污染土壤修复的植物。     

非繁殖季节提高公羊精液品质的研究

本研究是在非繁殖季节,用电刺激采精法获取5只公羊的精液,对比了其鲜精、冻精与睾丸大小在激素短期处理前后的变化。结果表明,公羊经激素短期处理后,鲜精各指标有了显著（P〈0.05）提高,睾丸的大小也发生了变化。冻后精子的活力比处理前的提高了0.11,顶体完整率提高了6%,均有了显著性（P〈0.05）的变化。     

不同时间引入公羊对非繁殖季节诱导卡拉库尔母羊同期发情的试验

将90只处于乏情期的卡拉库尔母羊随机分为两组，统一使用孕激素合剂处理与阴道海绵孕酮埋植12d和肌注PMSG，对两组母羊在不同时间引入处理公羊。结果表明，发情前2d引处处理公羊组97.8%母羊表现发情，第1和第2情期产羔母羊数占处理母羊数的93.3%，其中第1情期产羔母羊数占处理母羊数的48.9%，产羔的综合效果优于发情当日引入处理公羊组。     

高效节能水锤泵技术研究进展

为了厘清水锤泵的技术发展动态和目前的技术应用现状,文中回顾了水锤泵技术发展历史,并简要介绍了水锤泵的基本结构,在此基础上,阐述了水锤泵的效率计算方法,并对水锤泵的理论设计方法发展进行了梳理.随后对水锤泵的国内外研发现状进行了大致概括,提出了中国水锤泵发展受限的根本原因,并指出简化制造和装配工艺、发展大型化水锤泵制造技术以及研发轻型化和分体式水锤泵是未来发展的重点.接着总结出水锤泵系统参数和结构参数是影响水锤泵的主要因素.最后对国内外水锤泵的实际应用现状进行了对比分析,提出发展应用水锤泵应在考虑泄水阀和输水阀动态启闭过程的水锤泵运行全过程理论模型的基础上发展适用于不同群体或目标的水锤泵制造技术.研究成果对扩大水锤泵的应用范围,提升中国水锤泵的制造技术提供了一定的参考.     

水锤泵进水系统的试验与分析

着重对水锤泵的进水管直径,倾角及管长进行试验分析,从而提高了水锤泵的提水效率,增强了其适用性。