Effects of dietary phytol on tissue accumulation of phytanic acid and pristanic acid and on the tissue lipid profiles in mice

Recent in vitro evidence suggests that the phytol‐derived fatty acids, phytanic acid (PA) and pristanic acid (PrA), are components of animal products with the potential to cause both beneficial and harmful effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the in vivo tissue accumulation of PA and PrA and the changes in tissue lipid profiles, using mice fed a phytol‐containing diet. After 4 weeks of treatment with a diet containing 1.0% phytol, plasma, adipose tissue, liver, and brain were collected and their lipid profiles were biochemically and gas‐chromatographically determined. Dietary phytol caused PA and PrA accumulation in the adipose tissue and liver but not in the brain, and reduced plasma and liver triacylglycerol levels. Phytol intake also decreased the fatty acid concentrations in the adipose tissue, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, but increased the concentrations of these fatty acids in the liver. However, dietary phytol had a low impact on the brain lipid profile. This study suggests that dietary phytol intake caused accumulation of PA and PrA and modified lipid profiles in the adipose tissue and liver, but that the brain is an insusceptible tissue to dietary phytol‐induced changes.     

叶绿醇对铅污染土壤酶活性及土壤铅有效态影响

采用土培盆栽试验,研究了在铅污染土壤中添加叶绿醇对土壤酶活性和土壤铅离子有效态的影响,探讨了不同处理时间下叶绿醇对铅污染土壤的缓解作用。结果表明:短时间内在土壤中添加叶绿醇对土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性具有促进作用,对土壤脲酶活性具有抑制作用,且每种酶对叶绿醇的敏感程度不同,其中碱性磷酸酶最为敏感;随着处理时间延长土壤中过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性和铅离子有效态降低,蔗糖酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性显著升高;土壤重金属铅浓度为600 mg/kg时,叶绿醇浓度为50 mg/kg蔗糖酶活性最强,比空白对照组高出122.28%;当土壤中叶绿醇浓度为250 mg/kg时,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性最高,是空白对照组的251.61%。总之,在铅污染的土壤中添加叶绿醇后能改变土壤酶活性,降低土壤中铅的有效态,并且随着培养时间的延长,叶绿醇对铅污染土壤的修复效果逐渐降低。     

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and harvesting stage on the contents of chlorophyll, phytol and carotenoids (β‐carotene and lutein) in Italian ryegrass herbage before and after ensiling, and the extent of phytol preservation after ensiling. Three rates of N fertilizer (0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha) were applied by top‐dressing as an additional fertilizer. The herbage harvested at booting stage (27 weeks of age) or heading stage (29 weeks of age) were wilted for 1 day, then ensiled for 60 days using a small‐scale pouch system. In the pre‐ensiled herbages, increasing N fertilizer application increased the contents of crude protein and photosynthetic pigments, and these contents were also higher at the booting stage compared with the heading stage. In the silage, increasing N fertilizer application also increased the contents of crude protein, the photosynthetic pigments and their derivatives (pheophytin and pheophorbide), while harvesting stage did not affect the contents of β‐carotene, chlorophylls or pheophorbide. Nitrogen fertilizer application and early harvesting of herbage increased lutein and phytol contents in Italian ryegrass silage. Lutein and phytol in Italian ryegrass herbage are indicated to be well preserved during ensiling.     

Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an ensiling period (Experiment 1) and adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB, Experiment 2) on the changes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and phytol in ensiled Italian ryegrass (IR, Lolium multiflorum Lam.). In Experiment 1, the IR herbage ensiled into plastic bags was analyzed for the contents of photosynthetic pigments and phytol over a 5‐week period. During the ensiling process, the β‐carotene content decreased (p < .05), whereas the lutein content did not change. Although the chlorophyll content decreased (p < .05) after ensiling, the phytol content barely changed until week 5. In Experiment 2, IR herbage was ensiled without additive, as a Control, or with LAB for 60 days. The pH was lower (p < .05) and lactic acid content was higher (p < .05) for the LAB silage than for the Control. The chlorophyll content in silage was not affected by the LAB; however, the β‐carotene content was higher (p < .05) for the LAB silage than for the Control. Phytol and lutein contents in the herbage did not change after ensiling. These results indicate that phytol and lutein in IR herbage can be preserved well in silage, irrespective of their fermentation condition.     

叶绿醇对脂肪细胞分化及糖脂代谢的调节作用

叶绿醇(phytol)是植物叶绿素分子上一个支链。动物摄入的叶绿醇在体内可以代谢产生植烷酸和降植烷酸。叶绿醇及其代谢产物不仅是机体氧化代谢的重要能量来源,而且在糖脂代谢、脂肪细胞分化聚酯调控方面具有特殊的生物学功能,近年研究指出该过程与过氧化物酶体增殖激活物受体(PPAR)和视黄醇受体(RXR)的激活密切相关。因此,本文就叶绿醇在体内的基本代谢过程,叶绿醇及其代谢产物调控糖脂代谢的功能及其信号通路的最新研究进展进行简要综述,为深入研究叶绿醇的分子营养学机制提供参考。