基于转录组数据分析环形泰勒虫对诱导宿主细胞转化相关基因的影响

本试验主要通过研究布帕伐醌(BW720)处理前后,环形泰勒虫转化牛单核细胞(TaNM Ⅰ)转录组数据的变化情况,为进一步研究环形泰勒虫诱导宿主细胞转化的分子机制奠定基础。以环形泰勒虫感染的牛单核细胞为试验材料,设置对照组(二甲基亚砜,DMSO)和试验组(BW720),利用Illumina HiSeq4000测序平台进行高通量测序,将测序得到的原始数据(Raw reads)与GenBank和Rfam数据库进行比对过滤,通过质控获得最终数据(Clean read)。利用Venn分析软件筛选出DMSO组和BW720组中差异表达明显的基因,进行功能注释(GO)以及信号通路(KEGG)分析。随机选择10个基因,利用荧光定量PCR (qPCR)检测基因在不同处理条件下细胞中的表达量。在验证测序结果的准确性后,选出差异表达明显的基因,分析其在TaNM Ⅰ细胞的凋亡、增殖等信号通路方面的作用。结果显示：BW720组和DMSO组中分别得到6 854 019 704和6 627 265 854条Raw reads,过滤、质控后分别得到22 925 606和22 171 427条Clean reads。BW720组和DMSO组中筛选出差异表达明显的基因共计4 054个(P＜0.05),其中,2 146个基因显著上调,1 908个基因显著下调;进一步筛选出共同差异表达的基因367个,其中,显著上调的196个,显著下调的171个。同时,qPCR验证随机选择10个基因的表达趋势与转录组测序结果一致,表明测序结果可靠。然后对差异表达基因进行GO功能注释,筛选到与细胞增殖相关的20个生物学过程、15个细胞组分以及11个分子功能条目。KEGG富集分析结果显示,在Top20的信号通路中筛选出与环形泰勒虫转化细胞有关的一些信号通路,如：癌症信号通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路等。对这些信号通路进一步分析发现：PI3KR3、FOXO1、IL23A、FZD3、AKT、MMP9等基因在环形泰勒虫转化细胞的研究中也有相关文献的报道。本研究表明,在TaNM Ⅰ细胞中DAPK1、FZD3、FOXO3、PI3KR3等可能在感染细胞无限增殖的过程中发挥作用,为后续研究TaNM Ⅰ细胞无限增殖机制奠定了基础。     

Adiponectin links adipose tissue function and monocyte inflammatory responses during bovine metabolic stress

The periparturient period of dairy cows is characterized by intense lipid mobilization from adipose tissue leading to increased plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). High NEFA are a predisposing factor for inflammatory based diseases. A major component of these diseases is uncontrolled macrophage/monocyte inflammatory responses. Changes in the endocrine activity of adipose tissue during the periparturient period could impact macrophage function by modifying the secretion of adipokines including adiponectin. Currently, the effects of adiponectin on monocyte activation in dairy cattle are unknown. In humans and rodents, this adipokine regulates monocyte phenotype and alterations in its plasma levels are linked with the development of inflammatory diseases. The objectives of this study were to establish associations between plasma adiponectin expression dynamics and different markers of lipid mobilization during the periparturient period of dairy cows and to characterize the effects of adiponectin on the inflammatory response of bovine monocytes. Plasma adiponectin, NEFA, BHB, albumin, and subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat depots depth were measured during the periparturient period of dairy cows. In vitro, bovine monocytes were cultured with adiponectin to assess changes in pro-inflammatory responses following LPS stimulation. Results from this study demonstrate that alterations in plasma adiponectin levels in periparturient cattle are inversely correlated with the concentrations of plasma NEFA, an important marker of lipid mobilization. Furthermore, adiponectin exposure significantly decreased monocyte expression of TNFα after LPS stimulation thus markedly reducing their inflammatory response. Reduced plasma adiponectin during the periparturient period could predispose dairy cows to the development of uncontrolled monocyte inflammatory responses.     

猪外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞体外诱导培养

[目的]建立猪外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞(MoDC)体外培养模型.[方法]从猪外周新鲜血液中分离外周血单核细胞(PBMC),通过贴壁法获得树突状细胞前体细胞,采用重组猪的集落共刺激因子(rpGM-SCF)和重组猪的白细胞介素4(rpIL-4)双因子诱导及脂多糖(LPS)刺激成熟法,收集不同时间段的细胞,利用扫描电子显微镜观察其形态,流式细胞分析仪检测表面分子表达率及其对FITC-dextran的吞噬能力,混合淋巴细胞反应检测细胞对同种异体T细胞的刺激能力.[结果]经体外诱导的DC具有典型的树突状形态;LPS刺激的DC表型分子CDla、CD80、CD86、SLAⅡ、CD172a与LPS未刺激的DC有明显增高,其吞噬能力有所下降,刺激同种异体T淋巴细胞的能力有所增强.[结论]该试验成功建立了猪MoDC的体外诱导培养方法,为进一步研究猪MoDC在机体免疫调节和抗病毒感染中的作用奠定了基础.     

Prognostic significance of clinical presentation,induction and rescue treatment in 42 cases of canine centroblastic diffuse large B‐cell multicentric lymphoma in the United Kingdom

Canine lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases and many previous studies have evaluated the response of a mixed population of lymphoma cases to one specific treatment protocol. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the outcome and prognostic factors in 42 cases of multicentric centroblastic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with either a COP‐type (35%) or CHOP‐type (64%) induction chemotherapy. The objective response rate to induction therapy was 94%; entire dogs had a greater rate of complete vs partial remissions than neutered dogs (P = .017). Median progression‐free survival for the first remission (PFS1) was 182 days; absence of anaemia at diagnosis (P = .002) and pretreatment neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) below 9.44 (P = .015) were independently predictive of longer PFS1. Fifty‐eight percent of dogs received rescue protocols with an objective response rate of 81%; 31% of dogs received further rescue protocols (up to a total of 5) and the median number of protocols administered were 2. Median overall survival (OS) was 322 days, the 1‐year survival rate was 38% and the 2‐year survival rate was 9%. Lymphocyte:monocyte ratio above 1.43 (P = .031), NLR below 11.44 (P = .009), the combination of induction and rescue therapy (P = .030) and the total number of doxorubicin doses used (P = .002) were independently predictive of longer OS. Use of a COP‐type protocol induction compared with CHOP did not undermine OS providing doxorubicin was used as rescue therapy.     

调理素的研究进展

简述了补体、抗体、C-反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白、甘露糖凝集素、表面活性蛋白、纤粘蛋白等七类调理素的研究,报道了新发现的调理素低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白,并对抗感染免疫学研究的新视角进行了展望。     

Intravenous regional analgesia for surgery of the limbs in goats

Intravenous regional analgesia (IVRA) has been achieved in twelve West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in a total of 35 trials with 2 per cent lidocaine hvdrochloride without any significant complications.

Experimental analgesia was effected 25 times on the limbs of seven goats. Analgesia was also produced 10 times on the limbs of five goats and a major orthopaedic procedure (amputation) performed on the anaesthetized limbs and digits. The analgesia produced was found to be adequate for the procedure.

The comparative values of this method of regional analgesia are discussed.     

The use of cytochemistry,immunophenotyping, flow cytometry,and in vitro differentiation to determine the ontogeny of a canine monoblastic leukemia

We evaluated the utility of cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and in vitro culture with forced differentiation of leukemic cells as diagnostic aids to identify the malignant cell ontogeny in a dog with leukemia. A tentative diagnosis of monoblastic leukemia was established by microscopic examination of Romanowsky-stained blood smears and bone marrow aspirate smears. This diagnosis also was supported by the light scatter signature that identified the blast cells as large, non-granular monocytic cells using a CellDyn 3500 automated hematology analyzer; as well as by the detection of N-butyrate esterase and the lack of choloroacetate esterase or leukocyte peroxidase by cytochemical staining. Subsequently, leukemic cells were isolated from the dog's peripheral blood and placed into tissue culture or cryopreserved. The leukemic cells grew in suspension cultures and proliferated spontaneously for up to 4 days. By day 7, proliferation was negligible. Upon culture with conditioned supernatant using mitogen-stimulated human T cells as a source of cytokines, an increased proportion of cells entered S phase by day 2 of culture; however, proliferation declined markedly by day 4, at which time the cells had apparently differentiated to adherent, vacuolated macrophages. The cytokine-stimulated leukemic cells were positive for the monocyte/macrophage specific markers alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, CD14, MHC class II, and calprotectin, an antigen found in differentiated macrophages and granulocytes. Despite the strong tendency of the leukemic cells towards monocytic differentiation, our results suggested that they retained some features of a myelomonocytic precursor. These data show that cytochemistry, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, and in vitro differentiation of canine leukemia cells are useful tools for confirming the lineage of malignant hematopoietic cells.     

Porcine monocyte subsets differ in the expression of CCR2 and in their responsiveness to CCL2

Monocyte subsets have been shown to differ in the pattern of chemokine receptor expression and their migratory properties, both in human and mouse. Previously we have characterized in the swine several monocyte subpopulations, based on the expression of CD163, Tük4 and SLA-II, which share features with the populations described in human and mouse. Here, we have analysed the expression of different chemokine receptors in the CD163⁻Tük4⁺SLA-II⁻ and CD163⁺Tük4⁻SLA-II⁺ populations of porcine monocytes. CD163⁺Tük4⁻SLA-II⁺ monocytes expressed higher CX₃CR1 but lower CCR2 and CXCR4 mRNA levels than CD163⁻Tük4⁺SLA-II⁻ monocytes. Moreover, porcine CCL2 binding on Tük4⁺SLA-II⁻ but not on Tük4⁻SLA-II⁺ cells was detected by using a CCL2-green fluorescence protein (pCCL2-GFP) fusion protein. Finally, flow cytometric analyses of monocytes recovered after chemotaxis assays show a clear increase in the proportion of Tük4⁺SLA-II⁻ cells in the fraction migrating toward CCL2, consistent with the polarized CCR2 expression in this monocyte population. The pattern of expression of these chemokine receptors reinforces the similarities of these porcine subsets with their human and mouse counterparts.