‘Micro’financial services: what do Pacific people need?

Abstract: There are many elements in the economic and socio‐cultural context of the Paci?c region which distinguish it from Asia where many of the most famous models for the delivery of ‘micro’?nancial services were developed. Is it possible that the rush to replicate existing models, using ‘best practice’ principles developed far from the Paci?c, is curtailing careful market analysis and sti?ing experimentation and innovation in the provision of ?nancial services for the poor? This conference report asks readers to consider the types of ‘micro’?nancial services and the methods of their delivery which may be appropriate in the Paci?c context, and more important, which meet the needs of people in the Paci?c.     

高寒生态脆弱区不同扰动类型草地植被群落状况

通过实地调查及实验室方法测定天祝高寒生态脆弱区5种扰动生境(一年生草地、多年生草地、围栏草地、牧道草地及"黑土滩"草地)的植被群落状况。结果表明,植物群落组成在一年生草地中99%为燕麦、多年生草地中80%为垂穗披碱草和无芒雀麦、3种天然草地中以嵩草、苔草、针茅、珠芽蓼、棘豆、委陵菜为主。群落高度、植被盖度及地上生物量在一年生草地中都相对较大,是人为因素(如农耕)干扰最强,其优势度随时间推移而上升,生境内植物种类多样性下降;而优势度在"黑土滩"草地中呈现低水平,是自然环境压力包括生物因素(如鼠类)干扰最强,原始植被破坏程度高,需要进行大量植被恢复工作,其群落高度、植被盖度及地上生物量也相对较低;其他生境的优势度随着放牧程度的增加而减小。由此可见,放牧和鼠害仍然是高寒草甸生态破坏的一个最重要原因。