客运专线刚架系杆拱桥受力状态研究

对刚架系杆拱桥作了全桥空间有限元分析、拱墩连接处局部空间有限元分析和1∶3缩尺模型试验.研究结果表明：刚架系杆拱桥的预应力混凝土主梁由于和系杆分离，其受力行为相当于弹性支承上的连续梁，较普通系杆拱桥有很大改善；钢箱拱肋受力行为与普通系杆拱桥类似；墩拱节点是刚架系杆拱桥的关键部位，永修特大桥墩拱节点由于采用了足够多的栓钉、PBL键和足够大的螺纹钢筋预压应力，结构牢固，承载力很大，传力顺畅；刚架系杆拱桥在客运专线上的应用是完全可行的.     

Managing fisheries is managing people: what has been learned?

Understanding the behaviour of fishermen is a key ingredient to successful fisheries management. The aggregate behaviour of fishing fleets can be predicted and managed with appropriate incentives. To determine appropriate incentives, we should look to successes to learn what works and what does not. In different fisheries incentive systems have been found to reduce the race‐for‐fish and make fisheries profitable, to stimulate stock rebuilding, to reduce bycatch, and to provide for reductions in illegal fishing. Yet, success can be evaluated in many dimensions, but is, in fact, rarely done – per cent overfished seems to be the dominant measure of performance. I evaluate the yield lost due to overfishing in several ecosystems and contrast the situation of North Atlantic cod where considerable yield is lost, to fisheries in New Zealand and the west coast of the USA where lost yield due to overfishing is very small. Much more systematic evaluation of the other aspects of fisheries performance is greatly needed. From examples explored in this paper I conclude that prevention of overfishing can be achieved with strong central governments enforcing conservative catch regulations, but economic success appears to require an appropriate incentive structure.     

武广客运专线建设工程的水土流失影响程度分析

铁路建设工程中的路基修筑、隧道开凿、取土弃渣均会导致大量的水土流失,对铁路沿线生态环境造成不利影响。本文以武广客运专线工程为例,通过水土流失影响指数评价模型来定量分析、评判该工程的水土流失影响程度。结果表明,该项目的水土流失影响指数值为0.21,仅为全国铁路建设项目水土流失影响平均水平的70%,这表明与传统铁路建设工程相比,武广客运专线建设工程的水土流失影响程度相对较低。其主要原因是工程单位长度占地面积(3.19 hm2/km)及影响面积(0.17 hm2/km)较小、工程单位长度总土石方量(7.00万m3/km)较少、工程单位长度水土流失总量(343.85 t/km)不大、水土流失治理面积比例较高(0.916)。     

上海城市综合性公园运动专用场地游憩度评价体系构建——以康健园为例

游憩度是衡量城市综合性公园运动场地设计与管理水平的一个重要指标。本研究以科学性、针对性、可操作性、全面性和客观性为原则,确定13个公园的18个运动专用场地为调查对象,调查结果显示,上海综合性公园已开展的运动项目多样化程度较低,运动专用场地的游憩度不高。运用层次分析法和多指标综合指数法,从空间场地、配套设施和环境景观三个维度甄选13个指标构建游憩度评价体系,运用于康健园运动专用场地游憩度评价,得出运动专用场地游憩度应注重安全性和运动场地"公园化"的结论。本研究对同类和类似场地的规划设计具有参考价值。     

How do individual transferable quotas affect marine ecosystems?

Published papers were reviewed to assess ecosystem impacts of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) and other dedicated access systems. Under ITQs, quota shares increase with higher abundance levels, thus fishers may request lower total allowable catches (TACs) and pay for monitoring and research that improves fishery sustainability. Mortality on target species generally declines because catches are closer to TACs and because ghost fishing through lost and abandoned gear decreases. High-grading and discarding often decline, but may increase if landings (and not catches) count against ITQs and when there is little at-sea enforcement. Overall, ITQs positively impact target species, although collapses can occur if TACs are set too high or if catches are routinely allowed to exceed TACs. Fishing pressure may increase on non-ITQ species because of spillover from ITQ fisheries, and in cases where fishers anticipate that future ITQ allocations will be based on catch history and therefore increase their current catches. Ecosystem and habitat impacts of ITQs were only sparsely covered in the literature and were difficult to assess: ITQs often lead to changes in total fishing effort (both positive and negative), spatial shifts in effort, and fishing gear modifications. Stock assessments may be complicated by changes in the relationship between catch per unit effort, and abundance, but ITQ participants will often assist in improving data collection and stock assessments. Overall, ITQs have largely positive effects on target species, but mixed or unknown effects on non-target fisheries and the overall ecosystem. Favourable outcomes were linked to sustainable TACs and effective enforcement.     

“水稻-再生稻”种植模式专用肥轻简施用对产量、肥料利用率及经济效益的影响

【目的】研究明确“水稻-再生稻”体系施用专用肥对产量、产量构成因子、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响,为“水稻-再生稻”的轻简科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用多点田间试验,设置不施肥(T1)、当地农民习惯施肥(T2)、专用肥(T3)等3个处理。分别测定不同处理的产量、产量构成因子和氮、磷、钾养分含量,从而计算养分积累量、肥料利用率和经济效益。【结果】施肥可以显著提高稻谷产量,与T1相比,9个试验点的T2处理头季稻和再生稻平均增产56.0%和89.4%;T3处理平均增产75.3%和108.9%;与T2相比,T3处理头季稻、再生稻以及两季总产量分别增加了1006 kg/hm²、356 kg/hm²和1362 kg/hm²,增幅分别为12.4%、10.3%和11.8%。T3处理相较于T2处理,每穗粒数增加了20粒,增幅达到10.5%。养分吸收结果显示,与T2处理相比,T3处理头季水稻地上部氮(N)、磷(P₂O₅)和钾(K₂O)的积累量分别增加了7.4%、6.8%和10.2%;再生季分别增加了5.9%、16.6%和24.4%。不同试验点T3处理氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥回收利用率均有提高的趋势,与T2处理相比,最高分别增加25.3%、93.8%和143.7%。在9个试验点,纯收入平均提高了6.19×10³ 元/hm²。【结论】专用肥的施用可以显著提高“水稻-再生稻”种植模式稻谷产量,增加地上部养分吸收量,提高肥料利用率,减少施肥次数,提高经济效益。     

差速转向农业专用AGV小车的设计与模糊控制研究

农业专用自动导引小车(AGV)作为农业作业的通用运载平台,是针对具体应用环境而设计的特定用途机器人,已成为农业自动化的一个重要发展方向。为此,介绍了一种基于多轴运动控制器的现代农业自动化AGV小车。同时,针对差速转向驱动型AGV小车路径跟随问题,首先对该AGV系统进行了理论分析和运动学建模;然后应用模糊控制理论,设计了以距离偏差和角度偏差为输入、左右驱动轮速度差为输出的模糊控制器;最后,在Mat Lab/Simulink环境中进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明:设计的模糊控制器在直线和圆周路径上跟踪性能明显优于常规PID控制器,其有效性和可行性得到了验证。     

纸机刮刀专用磨床及夹具的多样化设计

根据纸机用刮刀的种类、尺寸和不同角度，提出刮刀专用磨床和夹具的设计方法及应用。     

280缸套镗孔专用机的改造

280缸套是280系列柴油机的关键零件,为了提高缸套的加工成品率及生产效率,对280缸套镗孔专用机进行了改造.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.