中草药防治寄生性鱼病的研究进展

通过查阅近年来国内有关中草药防治寄生性鱼病的文献,系统的介绍了常见的鱼类寄生虫病,并就中草药对该病害的防治研究与应用进行阐述,以期为寄生性鱼病的防治提供一定的参考。     

《动物寄生虫》课程考核方式的改革探讨

为了全方面地进行课程改革,使课程改革取得更好的效果,金华职业技术学院主要从理论考核、实践考核以及结合适当的论文写作等三方面入手,针对《动物寄生虫》课程考核方式的改革进行了探讨,以期更好地服务于课程全面改革的实践。     

江西省豌豆潜叶蝇寄生蜂及其9个中国新记录种的记述

近年来我们对南昌地区豌豆潜蝇 Phytomyza horiticola Gourea 的寄生蜂种类进行了较仔细的采集、饲养和鉴定,共发现寄生蜂20种以上,已鉴定的有17种。其中有姬蜂总科的茧蜂科1种;小蜂总科的金小蜂科4种,寡节小蜂科12种,其中有9种为中国新记录。现将形态特征、寄主等简述如下,标本均存于本系标本室。     

柑桔蚧虫的两种重要寄生蜂

 本文详细记述了柑桔蚧虫的2种重要的寄生蜂:蜡蚧刷盾短缘跳小蜂Encyrtuslecaniorum(Mayr),中国新记录,和柑桔粉蚧广腹细蜂Allotropa citri Muesebeck。它们分别寄生于褐软蚧和柑桔粉蚧,寄生率甚高。     

河南省羊寄生虫名录

记述了河南省羊寄生原虫5科5属29种,蠕虫19科39属79种,蜱螨昆虫22科47属145种.分别介绍了各种寄生虫的中文名、学名、宿主和寄生部位及在河南的分布情况,为有效控制羊寄生虫病的发生及危害提供了相关的基础信息.     

Nutritional sensitivity of resistance to Trichostrongylus colubriformis in lactating ewes

It has been suggested that the periparturient breakdown of immunity to parasites has a nutritional basis. Our overall hypothesis is that it results from a prioritized scarce metabolizable protein (MP) allocation to reproductive functions (e.g. milk production) rather than to immune functions. We have earlier shown that the relationship between MP supply, milk production and resistance to the abomasal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta provides support for this hypothesis. Because nutritional sensitivity of resistance to parasites may differ between parasite species, we used the same nutritional protocol to test the overall hypothesis with a different parasite. Thus, five levels of dietary MP, ranging from 0.60 to 1.2 times assumed requirements, were offered for 4 weeks post-parturition to twin-rearing Greyface ewes, experimentally infected with the small intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. We hypothesized that the initial increments of MP supply would increase milk production without affecting the degree of breakdown of immunity whilst later increments would reduce the degree of breakdown of immunity. Indeed, the data suggest that the first two increments of MP supply increased milk production, whilst final worm burdens were reduced from the second increment onwards. MP supply did not affect mucosal mast cell concentration but increased globule leukocyte concentration. These results support the overall hypothesis that scarce MP allocation is prioritized to milk production over immune functions. In addition, the contrast between effects of MP supply on resistance to T. colubriformis and to T. circumcincta supports the view that periparturient immunity to small intestinal nematodes may be less sensitive to nutrient scarcity than periparturient immunity to abomasal nematodes.     

Effects of agricultural landscape and pesticides on parasitism in native bullfrogs

Native amphibian populations are shrinking worldwide, and both parasitic infections and environmental stress from agriculture have been implicated. We investigated the principal hypothesis that environmental by-products of agricultural activity mediate parasitism in native frogs. Bullfrogs were collected from wetlands with variable landscape disturbance and water quality and examined for helminth parasites. We predicted that pesticide pollution and landscape development would be significant factors shaping the parasite communities and populations. Parasite diversity and species richness were lower in wetlands impacted by both pesticides and land use. Two parasite groups, direct life-cycle nematodes and echinostomes, were common in polluted habitats, potentially increasing frog pathology and mortality risk. In areas with agricultural landscape and reduced forest cover, parasite diversity and species richness were low, perhaps because of less parasite transmission from birds and mammals. This result suggests that land development limits terrestrial vertebrate access to wetlands. Our results indicate that parasite abundance and community structure in wetlands are influenced by factors operating locally within the wetland and more broadly in the surrounding landscape. We suggest that parasite communities in amphibians are effective indicators of ecosystem health and animal biodiversity, and thus useful tools for conservation biology.     

Long-term examination of health conditions in monoculture of communally tested amphimictic diploid, diploid gynogenic and triploid tench, Tinca tinca (L.)

Amphimictic diploid (2n), induced triploid (3n) and meiotic gynogenic (MeiG) tench populations were established in 1998 by mass propagation. After separate nursing, fish were group-marked by freeze branding and 200 specimens per population were stocked into an experimental earthen pond for communal test until present. Parasitological and haematological (haemoglobin content Hb, haematocrit PCV and differential leukocyte count) examinations were performed every spring and autumn in the 2+ category, once sex could be registered macroscopically. Altogether 9 genera and/or species of parasites were detected on skin, 7 genera and/or species on gills, 1 genus in eye and 1 species in gut. The highest invasion extensity was recorded in the MeiG tench in the majority of examinations till the age of 4+. The courses of PCV and Hb values for 2n and MeiG populations showed high similarity while those for 3n population were slightly decreased and sex-related differences proved to be insignificant within populations in the majority of examinations. Differential leukocyte counts showed significant differences (p<0.05) of 3n vs. 2n and/or MeiG considering lower proportions of lymphocytes and higher proportions of segmented neutrophils in the majority of cases.