Investigating the Link between Particulate Exposure and Airway Inflammation in the Horse

Inhalant exposure to airborne irritants commonly encountered in horse stables is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), non‐infectious, inflammatory pulmonary disorders that impact the health and performance of horses across all equine disciplines. IAD and RAO have overlapping clinical, cytological, and functional manifestations of the pulmonary response to organic dust and noxious gases encountered in the barn environment. Study of these diseases has provided important but incomplete understanding of the effect of air quality upon the respiratory health of horses. In this review, the principles of particulate exposure assessment, including health‐related aerosol size fractions and size‐selective sampling, the factors influencing air quality in equine environments, and the effect of air quality on the equine respiratory tract are discussed. The objective of this review is to provide the reader with a summary of the most common chronic inflammatory airway diseases in the horse and the principles of air sampling that are essential to the planning, interpretation, and assessment of equine respiratory health‐related exposure studies.     

内毒素血症对大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞的影响

本研究选用39只140~150g SPF级SD大鼠作为动物内毒素血症模型,运用组织学常规HE染色和PAS染色技术,采取定性、定位和定量相结合的方法,通过观察不同试验组大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞(GC)的数量和分布的动态变化来探讨内毒素(ET)对肠道黏膜免疫系统的影响。结果表明,ET能够破坏肠道黏膜的正常结构,影响肠黏膜的正常功能,同时能够在不同程度上降低GC数量,从而破坏肠道黏膜免疫系统。     

牛蛙脑膜炎黄杆菌病病原菌的研究

从广东省揭西县坪下牛蛙养殖场收集患黄杆菌病的病蛙,其症状是歪头、狂游、双眼白内障、肝脏肿大充血,腹水严重。从病蛙脑髓、眼底等处分离到62菌株。经急性毒性试验证明分离菌株对健康牛蛙有较强的致病性。选用其中有代表性的981229—1等菌株进行系统的生理生化试验结果显示,981229—3等菌株革兰氏染色阴性、短直杆菌、无动力、无芽孢、好氧型、不利用葡萄糖。内毒素试验阳性。经VITEK-AMS-60自动化检测系统鉴定为脑膜炎脓毒性黄杆菌(Flavobacterium meninosepticum)。选取47种抗菌药物,通过K—B纸片扩散法对分离菌进行耐药性试验结果显示,病原菌对40种试验药物耐药(85.11％)、中等敏感药物2种(4.26％)、敏感药物5种(10.64％)。以试管稀释法、测定分离菌株对5种敏感药物的平均 MIC分别是:利福平 0.24、环丙沙星 0.70、氧氟沙星 0.70、氟啶酸 1.20和麦迪霉素7.80μg/ml。     

鲎C因子的研究进展

鲎C因子是鲎血细胞中一种对内毒素敏感的丝氨酸蛋白酶原,主要有6种结构域,能特异结合内毒素而被激活.对鲎C因子的结构与功能、基因工程研究及其应用前景进行了综述.     

Exogenous testosterone modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha and acute phase protein responses to repeated endotoxin challenge in steers

Clinical responses to some disease agents differ between sexes and this dimorphism has been attributed to the immunomodulating effects of steroid hormones. Our objective was to determine in steers the effect of testosterone on circulating concentrations of immune response mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha; serum amyloid-A, SAA; haptoglobin, HG; xanthine oxidase, XO; nitric oxide, NO) after two consecutive endotoxin challenges (LPS1 and LPS2, 5 days apart; 0.25 microg/kg BW). Sixteen crossbred steers (328+/-6 kg) were assigned to control (CON, n=8) or testosterone cypionate treatment (TES, n=8; 100 mg/m2 body surface; i.m. injection 12 and 2 days before LPS1). The response to LPS was calculated as area under the timexconcentration curve (AUC) for the parameter measured. After LPS1, TNF-alpha AUC was greater in TES than CON (P<0.05). Plasma HG and SAA concentrations increased (P<0.01) after LPS1 and LPS2. In all steers SAA AUC was greater after LPS1 than LPS2 (P<0.01) but the response was augmented over CON with testosterone treatment (P<0.05). HG response to LPS1 within 24 h was not affected by testosterone. However, 5 days after LPS1 mean plasma HG concentration remained higher in TES than CON (P<0.01). HG response to LPS2 was greater in TES than CON (P<0.01). Plasma nitrate+nitrite concentration (NO production marker) and XO activity increased after each LPS challenge but responses were not affected by testosterone treatment. Results indicate that the presence of circulating testosterone increases the magnitude of the TNF-alpha response to LPS challenge as well as the subsequent increases in acute phase proteins (APP). Effects of testosterone on increases in TNF-alpha and APP may underlie a differential presentation of disease symptoms between sexes or between steers and bulls. The data also suggest a role for testosterone in the development of tolerance to repeated immune challenge through its effect on the increased magnitude and duration of HG response.     

奶牛蹄叶炎的病因探究

本文旨在对严重影响奶业健康发展的奶牛蹄叶炎的病因进行探究。在辉山奶牛场阜新市彰武县三场经产奶牛中,挑选临床健康奶牛10头作为对照组;患蹄叶炎奶牛10头作为试验组。采集两组奶牛血液,分别用牛内毒素酶联免疫试剂盒和荧光分光光度法测定血浆中内毒素和组胺的含量。结果显示,试验组血浆内毒素及组胺含量分别比对照组高0.65ng/mL、21.8ng/mL,差异均极显著(P<0.01)。说明患病牛血浆内毒素和组胺含量升高是诱发奶牛蹄叶炎的重要因素。     

提高苏云金杆菌对棉铃虫毒力的研究

在含有Ｂｔ毒素的人工饲料中,通过加入碱性化合物提高其对昆虫中肠的作用,或加入蛋白酶激活剂、无机化合物和有机来提高Ｂｔ的毒力效价。试验结果表明,加入碳酸钙、硫酸锌、氯化镁、苹果酸、马来酸、甲酸和巯基乙醇酸钠,可使Ｂｔ毒力效价分别提高０．９５１．２２,０．３７,０．４７,１．１７,２．１０和９．０倍,其中加入硫酸锌、甲酸和巯基乙醇酸钠的增效效果较好。     

内毒素诱导的山羊红细胞膜和肝线粒体膜Ca2+-ATP酶活性的改变及654-2的保护作用

 通过静脉注射的方法研究了大肠杆菌内毒素(ET)对山羊红细胞膜和肝粒体膜损伤的膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的变化及654-2(山莨菪碱)的保护效应。结果表明,ET处理组(ⅱ组)在1h,3h红细胞膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性高于对照组(iv组)(p<0.05),5h有下降趋势且持续到9h.12h开始回升并低于iv组(p<0.01,p<0.05).654-2处理组(ⅲ组),Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性除在9h、12h与iv组,在3h与ⅱ组差异不显着(p>0.05)外,均高于iv组和ⅱ组(p<0.01,p<0.05).在肝线粒体中,ⅱ组Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性在5h、12h均低于iv组和ⅱ组(p<0.05,p<0.01),ⅲ组Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性均高于iv组,但12h与iv组差异不显着(p>0.05).结果提示,ET具有诱导膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性先激活后顿抑的效应,而654-2有明显保护膜Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性的作用。     

牛蹄叶炎的研究进展

为了了解牛蹄叶炎病研究进展现状,对国内外牛蹄叶炎发病原因,发病机理,发病症状与防治等方面的研究进行了归纳总结,以期为以后的工作提供科学依据.     

大肠杆菌内毒素对雏鸡血液指标的影响

大肠杆菌内毒素(E. coli endotoxin,ET)主要存在于革兰氏阴性菌中,是细菌细胞壁的结构成分,只有在细菌死亡或人工方法使细菌细胞裂解(超声波)后才释放到细胞外,并发挥其效应[1].小剂量大肠杆菌内毒素能促进机体的免疫功能[2],大剂量则会导致机体炎症反应,甚至使机体死亡[3].