高等院校学生“团队工作”能力培养模式构建及其绩效评价研究

阐述“团队”、“团队工作”理论内涵,详述学生“团队工作”能力培养模式的四个阶 段、主要内容和阶段目标,并初步确立团队工作效绩评价的指标体系和评估方法。     

林业生态建设对山区减贫的影响研究——以湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

从中国证券业市场结构的现实特征入手，研究市场结构这一中观因素对证券公司效率的作用。通过实证检验，发现相对市场势力假说在中国证券业成立的证据，但进一步分析表明，市场份额的扩张并没有带来显著的效率损失，这与典型的相对市场假说并不相同。     

有机肥部分替代化肥氮对叶菜产量和环境效应的影响

针对叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的最佳替代比例及对经济效益和环境效应综合评价较缺乏等问题,本研究采用田间试验,对包心菜和小青菜进行等氮水平下不同比例有机肥替代化肥处理,包括:纯化肥氮(0M),25%、50%、75%和100%有机肥替代化肥(25%M、50%M、75%M和100%M),研究不同处理下蔬菜产量、经济效益、土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放。结果表明, 25%M处理下包心菜和小青菜产量均达最高,且与0M处理相比包心菜和小青菜的产量分别增加15.0%(P0.05)和16.3%(P0.05)。25%M比0M处理经济效益分别增加11.7%和5.4%,但在50%M、75%M和100%M处理下经济效益为负增长。25%M处理下,氨挥发累积排放量在包心菜和小青菜季分别为42.1kg·hm~(-2)和12.9kg·hm~(-2),比0M处理分别降低23.4%(P0.05)和41.6%(P0.05); 0M和25%M处理间氧化亚氮累积排放量无显著差异, 25%M处理在包心菜和小青菜季的氧化亚氮累积排放量分别为0.74 kg·hm~(-2)和3.06 kg·hm~(-2);与25%M处理相比, 50%M、75%M和100%M处理下氧化亚氮排放分别增加33.7%～60.8%(P0.05)、50.0%～134.3%(P0.05)和56.8%～185.6%(P0.05)。基于此,提出叶菜类蔬菜有机肥氮替代化肥氮的适宜替代比例在25%左右时可实现最佳的增效减排效果。     

新型编烟机的推广与应用研究初报

从编烟机的编烟效率、用工量、成本和经济效益等方面研究了其最佳的编烟方式,结果表明:最佳的编烟方式为6人合作使用1台编烟机,在编360杆烟时可较对照节省用工4.1个,节约用工成本164元,而且纯收益最高,为9704.36元。并针对编烟机在实际生产中存在的问题,提出了一些改进的意见。     

Effects of alternative water distribution rules on irrigation system performance: a simulation analysis

Based on a simulation model reflecting physical and economic conditions typically found in rice irrigation systems in Asia, the irrigation performance implications of alternative water distribution rules for dry season irrigation are evaluated under varying degrees of water shortage. The rules examined reflect differing water distribution strategies designed either to maximize conveyance efficiency, economic efficiency, or equity; or to achieve a balance between efficiency and equity objectives. Irrigation performance is evaluated using several efficiency measures reflecting the physical, agronomic and economic productivity of water, and one measure of equity. Economic efficiency and equity among farmers within the portion of the irrigation system that is on in any given season are shown to be complementary, and not competing objectives. Economic efficiency and equity among all farmers within the command area of the irrigation system are largely complementary strategies at the lower levels of water shortage, but with increasing shortage, significant tradeoffs develop between these objectives. An operational rule for water distribution under a goal of maximizing economic efficiency is developed, and the data requirements for its implementation are shown to be modest. Under the model's assumed conditions of dry season rice production dependent solely on surface irrigation for water, the distribution strategy designed to maximize conveyance efficiency results in only modestly lower levels of economic efficiency and equity than could be achieved by the strategy designed to maximize economic efficiency.     

安徽省水稻机械化插秧作业成本构成及效益分析

通过对安徽省的水稻机械化插秧作业成本与效益的数据采集与统计分析,总结出水稻机械化插秧作业成本的主要构成要素及其对作业总成本的影响,得出作业收益与总成本和年作业量间的关系以及不同作业类型的成本与效益差异。同时,为开展机插秧社会化服务,增加机械化插秧效益提出了建议。     

多品种（系）试验中简化广义格子设计的探讨

根据多品种（系）田间试验的特点，在Ｐａｔｔｅｒｓｏｎ等广义格子设计基础上提出简化广义格子设计（简称ＳＧＬ设计）。ＳＧＬ设计基于格子设计的正交性原理，对于可用区组容量整除的任何供试品种数、２－４次重复，均可构成不完全区组设计。且构成方法简便，设计效率因子高，具有可解析性，连通性，ＳＧＬ设计的参数采用修饰极大似然法估计。     

Evolution of farm management, nitrogen efficiency and economic performance on Dutch dairy farms reducing external inputs

The implementation of the statutory Mineral Accounting System (MINAS) in the Netherlands in the period 1998–2003 required large reductions in nutrient inputs of dairy farms. Patterns in farm management adjustments throughout 6 years and their effectiveness in terms of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and economic performance were evaluated for 45 commercial farms participating in a regional nutrient management project.

Six groups of farms were identified that differed in initial NUE and the change therein. Three groups of farms that were able to rapidly reduce fertilizer N input and establish a consistent farm management strategy were most successful in improving NUE. These farms had a higher gross margin per 100 kg milk than farms without a consistent strategy. The three effective strategies were primarily characterized by (i) continuous, gradual adjustment of the integrated farm management combined with a slight reduction in milk production per ha (re-balancing) versus increasing productivity per animal, thereby reducing maintenance N requirements, while (ii) maintaining or (iii) increasing the production intensity per ha. It was concluded that different approaches to improve NUE can be successful, also in economic terms, although a direct relationship between NUE and gross margin was not observed. The probably implicit choice for adoption of a strategy may be governed by farm endowment and the farmer's skills and objectives.     

圈养山羊添喂S25山羊浓缩料增重效果及效益分析

进行了圈养山羊添喂“山羊浓缩料”增重试验，结果显示：试验组羊群比对照组健康、少发病，平均每只增重分别比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ高38．1l％和131．37％，增重盈利效益分别比对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ高181．71％和288．70％。     

作业环境微气候对伐木作业人员及作业效率的影响

本文从人类工效学的角度对作业环境微气候对伐木作业人员及作业效率的影响进行了理论分析和部分实例探讨。首先,作者对高温作业 环境的影响进行了热平衡分析和实例分析研究;其次,作者又对低温作业环境对作业人员及作业效率的影响进行了较深入的理论分析和实例探讨。结果表明,作业环境微气候对伐木作业效率有较为显著的影响。对北方林区而言,夏季高温环境(较正常环境)影响伐木作业效率幅度约为20％—30％,冬季低温影响幅度约为15％—25％。