不同药剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾试验

以6%阿维·氯苯酰SC(悬浮剂)为对照、清水为空白对照,研究了10%甲维·茚虫威SC、3%甲维盐WG(水分散粒剂)、15%多杀·茚虫威SC、30%氟铃·茚虫威SC、20%四唑虫酰胺SC 5种药剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾的效果。试验结果表明,6种药剂对玉米草地贪夜蛾均有防治效果,药后3 d,以10%甲维·茚虫威SC、3%甲维盐WG、15%多杀·茚虫威SC防治效果最好,防治效果分别为82.94%、72.31%、65.08%;药后7 d,3%甲维盐WG、10%甲维·茚虫威SC、30%氟铃脲·茚虫威SC、15%多杀·茚虫威SC防治效果分别为91.49%、88.03%、70.25%、66.01%;药后14 d,除本地常用农药6%阿维·氯苯酰SC之外,其他几种农药保叶效果都在70%以上。综上,6种农药均可用于防治玉米草地贪夜蛾,建议轮换使用。     

马铃薯替代玉米对鸡营养物质代谢率的影响

将 40只 48周龄的蛋鸡随机分成 4组 ,分别饲喂用 5 %、10 %、2 0 %的马铃薯替代玉米的日粮。结果表明 ,饲喂 10 %马铃薯替代玉米的日粮 ,其代谢能和钙表观利用率与其他组差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ,蛋白质和磷表观利用率都高于其它各组 (P <0 0 1)。     

生化处理对玉米秸颗粒饲料营养价值的影响研究

以玉米秸秆为主要原料，通过添加不同比例的化学处理剂和营养强化剂，调制出5种玉米秸颗粒。对照组由玉米秸添加2％膨润土调制而成；试验组分别为：添加化学处理剂(石灰 尿素，以玉米秸DM计)4 0％(处理Ⅰ)、0 4％(处理Ⅱ)、2 2％(处理Ⅲ)和2 2％(处理Ⅳ)，同时在处理Ⅳ中再添加4％营养强化剂。采用Menke的人工瘤胃产气法评定不同玉米秸处理的体外消化率和营养价值。结果表明，处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的粗蛋白质含量明显高于处理Ⅰ和对照；处理Ⅰ、Ⅳ的NDF含量比对照分别降低了7、12％；各处理的ADF含量均比对照组明显降低，并以处理Ⅳ的下降幅度最大，达31．1％。各处理的体外产气量和产气速度均高于对照组，其中以处理Ⅳ的产气速度最快，其快速产气量(a)略高于对照，b的产气速度常数c比对照提高19．3％。相应地，处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的估测有机物消化率(OMD)均比对照有明显提高，其中处理Ⅳ的OMD最高，其次为处理Ⅱ，分别比对照(46％)提高19、13％，但处理Ⅰ无明显效应。表明用4％尿素处理可以明显改善玉米秸处理的化学组成和有机物质消化率，其效果优于2％石灰 2％尿素或单纯石灰处理，若将化学处理与营养强化剂结合使用，则可获得更好的处理效果。     

玉米青枯病病原腐霉对其伴生镰刀菌的影响

 本试验以玉米青枯病病原肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum Malthews)与禾生腐霉(Pythium gramlnicola Subram)为材料,着重研究了两种腐霉的生长与代谢对其伴生病原禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)的影响,结果表明:1.腐霉的定殖生长能力弱于禾谷镰刀菌。在腐霉菌落上,禾谷镰刀菌仍可生长,而在禾谷镰刀菌菌落上,腐霉则不能生长。2.在伴生条件下,腐霉被镰刀菌覆盖的时间长短随接种间隔而有变化,接种间隔愈短,则覆盖愈快。3.两种腐霉的培养滤液均对禾谷镰刀菌的孢子萌发与芽管伸长及菌落扩展有明显的促进作用,表明滤液中含有对镰刀菌生长有利的活性成分。4.腐霉培养滤液对禾谷镰刀菌红色色素的产生有一定的抑制作用,其原因可能与腐霉的嗜糖性有关。5.田间结果表明,腐镰复合接种的发病率接近禾谷镰刀菌单菌接种,但低于腐霉单菌接种。     

穗期玉米昼夜生理状态规律的遥感综合探测研究

针对QY、PRI、NDVI、水势分别从不同的方面反映玉米的生理状况,以甜糯二号玉米作为材料,通过田间试验测量玉米昼夜4个参数值,研究了QY、PRI、NDVI、水势4个参数的昼夜变化,并且分析它们之间的相关性。结果表明,QY、水势、PRI三者具有很强的相关性,并且能建立回归模型表示它们之间的联系。     

Feasibility analysis of NIR for detecting sweet corn seeds vigor

This paper explores the feasibility of particle-based detection and grading of seed vigor based on a self-built seed single-granulation device using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sweet corn with uniform kernel size was used for this study. The seed samples were divided into three types, they were normal seeds, artificially aged seeds and heat-damaged seeds. A 2-part spectral acquisition of each seed were performed, one for the collection of seeds that fall into the detection zone within the separation pipe, another was on the static platform, whose collection was performed on 5 faces of each seed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify the original data of the seeds. In the 2 parts, the discriminant results of the unprocessed normal seeds and the artificial accelerated aging seeds, the untreated normal seeds and the heat-damaged seeds showed that classification accuracy was higher than 98%. The research indicates that the spectral data of different positions of seeds can reflect their activity information, and it is feasible to detect and classify seeds in real time in the detection area of the separation pipeline.     

基于机器视觉的玉米秸秆行实时定位机器人设计

为了实现机器人玉米秸秆行的精确定位,对耕作玉米机器人的结构进行了改进,并提出了一种基于泰勒级数展开式的RSSI定位方法,提高了机器人玉米秸秆行的定位精度。定位系统使用高清晰度的摄像机采集图像,并采用PID闭环反馈的方式控制机器人的位移,利用PC主控端图像处理,实现了实时定位功能。为了验证机器人玉米秸秆行定位的可靠性,采用田间试验的方法对机器人的性能进行了测试。结果表明:RSSI定位方法的定位精度较高,且图像处理系统可以准确地标定玉米秸秆行,实现机器人在玉米田中的精确定位,避免了机器人在作业过程中对农作物造成损害。     

In-field management of corn cob and residue mix: Effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions

In-field management practices of corn cob and residue mix (CRM) as a feedstock source for ethanol production can have potential effects on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CRM piles, storage in-field, and subsequent removal on soil CO₂ and N₂O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Iowa State University, Agronomy Research Farm located near Ames, Iowa (42.0°′N; 93.8°′W). The soil type at the site is Canisteo silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls). The treatments for CRM consisted of control (no CRM applied and no residue removed after harvest), early spring complete removal (CR) of CRM after application of 7.5 cm depth of CRM in the fall, 2.5 cm, and 7.5 cm depth of CRM over two tillage systems of no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and three N rates (0, 180, and 270 kg N ha⁻¹) of 32% liquid UAN (NH₄NO₃) in a randomized complete block design with split–split arrangements. The findings of the study suggest that soil CO₂ and N₂O emissions were affected by tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates. Most N₂O and CO₂ emissions peaks occurred as soil moisture or temperature increased with increase precipitation or air temperature. However, soil CO₂ emissions were increased as the CRM amount increased. On the other hand, soil N₂O emissions increased with high level of CRM as N rate increased. Also, it was observed that NT with 7.5 cm CRM produced higher CO₂ emissions in drought condition as compared to CT. Additionally, no differences in N₂O emissions were observed due to tillage system. In general, dry soil conditions caused a reduction in both CO₂ and N₂O emissions across all tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates.     

减少底肥施用量增加叶面施肥次数对玉米产量的影响

该试验目的是研究降低底肥施用量但是增加叶面肥施用次数方面对玉米产量的变化规律，旨在找出最经济的施肥方式以达到在保护环境的基础上提高经济效益的目的。试验表明，玉米产量随着底肥施用量的增加而提高，并且叶面肥喷施次数越多产量越高，每喷一次，可增加产量258~592.5 kg/hm2，增产幅度2.3%~5.6%。     

Greater humification of belowground than aboveground biomass carbon into particulate soil organic matter in no-till corn and soybean crops

Quantifying the amount of carbon (C) incorporated from decomposing residues into soil organic carbon (C_S) requires knowing the rate of C stabilization (humification rate) into different soil organic matter pools. However, the differential humification rates of C derived from belowground and aboveground biomass into C_S pools has been poorly quantified. We estimated the contribution of aboveground and belowground biomass to the formation of C_S in four agricultural treatments by measuring changes in δ¹³C natural abundance in particulate organic matter (C_POM) associated with manipulations of C₃ and C₄ biomass. The treatments were (1) continuous corn cropping (C₄ plant), (2) continuous soybean cropping (C₃), and two stubble exchange treatments (3 and 4) where the aboveground biomass left after the grain harvest was exchanged between corn and soybean plots, allowing the separation of aboveground and belowground C inputs to C_S based on the different δ¹³C signatures. After two growing seasons, C_POM was primarily derived from belowground C inputs, even though they represented only ∼10% of the total plant C inputs as residues. Belowground biomass contributed from 60% to almost 80% of the total new C present in the C_POM in the top 10 cm of soil. The humification rate of belowground C inputs into C_POM was 24% and 10%, while that of aboveground C inputs was only 0.5% and 1.0% for soybean and corn, respectively. Our results indicate that roots can play a disproportionately important role in the C_POM budget in soils. Keywords Particulate organic matter; root carbon inputs; carbon isotopes; humification rate; corn; soybean.