Differential habitat selection by Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus identifies distinct conservation needs for cryptic species of echolocating bats

Cryptic species are similar in morphology, and make interesting subjects for relating morphological differentiation to ecological resource partitioning. Can species that are morphologically almost identical occupy different ecological niches, and hence potentially need distinct conservation planning? The discovery that the most widespread bat in Europe - the pipistrelle - comprised two cryptic species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus) that emit echolocation calls at different frequencies provides a remarkable model system for investigating links between morphology, echolocation call design and resource partitioning. We investigated resource partitioning between the two cryptic species of sympatric pipistrelle bats by radio tracking breeding females. Habitat selection was investigated by using compositional analysis. P. pygmaeus selected riparian habitats over all other habitat types in its core foraging areas, whereas P. pipistrellus, although preferring deciduous woodland overall, was more of a generalist, spreading its foraging time in a wider range of habitats. Although morphologically very similar, the cryptic species show quite different patterns of habitat use. Our findings suggest that large-scale differences in habitat preferences can occur between sympatric bat species that are virtually identical in flight morphology; hence morphological differences may be a weak indication of ecological differences between taxa. Conservation planning needs to take account of these differences to meet policy and legal obligations associated with these protected cryptic species.     

并行WEB服务器机群中实现动态负载平衡的请求分配策略

 随着Internet的高速发展,采用并行WEB服务器机群系统是实现高性能Web 服务器的一个有效途径,通过请求分配使机群达到负载平衡是提高这种系统运行效率的基本手段。本文在阐述相关技术的基础上提出一种实测与估测相结合的适用于同构和异构机群系统的请求分配策略,以使整个系统达到动态负载平衡。     

Management factors associated with Babesia bovis seroprevalence in cattle from eastern Yucatán, Mexico.

The effect of management on the seroprevalence of Babesia bovis was studied in 399 Bos indicus cattle 1–2 years old from 92 farms in the eastern Yucatán, México. The management factors studied were: farm-type, production system, herd size, farm size, stocking density, vector control, dipping interval, type of dipping, type of acaricide and cattle introduction to the farm. A cross-sectional study was carried out (2-stage cluster sampling). The number of serum samples was proportionally distributed according to the number of farms in the nine locations of eastern Yucatán, México (399 animals from 92 farms). Antibody activity to B. bovis was tested using an indirect ELISA. The farms with a seroprevalence ≤75% were considered as cases and those with seroprevalence >75% were considered as controls. The variables with p ≤ 0.20 were included in fixed effects logistic regression. The seroprevalence of the zone was 73.8% (66.3–81.3%). The following risk factors were found: Stocking density (<1 head/ha, OR = 4.04, CI (OR) = 1.20–13.62) and dipping interval (>60 days, OR = 5.07 CI (OR) = 1.26–20.48).     

Management factors associated with Babesia bovis seroprevalence in cattle from eastern Yucatán, Mexico

The effect of management on the seroprevalence of Babesia bovis was studied in 399 Bos indicus cattle 1–2 years old from 92 farms in the eastern Yucatán, México. The management factors studied were: farm-type, production system, herd size, farm size, stocking density, vector control, dipping interval, type of dipping, type of acaricide and cattle introduction to the farm. A cross-sectional study was carried out (2-stage cluster sampling). The number of serum samples was proportionally distributed according to the number of farms in the nine locations of eastern Yucatán, México (399 animals from 92 farms). Antibody activity to B. bovis was tested using an indirect ELISA. The farms with a seroprevalence ≤75% were considered as cases and those with seroprevalence >75% were considered as controls. The variables with p ≤ 0.20 were included in fixed effects logistic regression. The seroprevalence of the zone was 73.8% (66.3–81.3%). The following risk factors were found: Stocking density (<1 head/ha, OR = 4.04, CI (OR) = 1.20–13.62) and dipping interval (>60 days, OR = 5.07 CI (OR) = 1.26–20.48).     

QTL mapping of fiber quality in an elite hybrid derived-RIL population of upland cotton

Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) was the most widely cultivated cotton hybrid planted as F₁ hybrids and as selfed F₂ seeds in China before the release of transgenic Bt hybrids. By crossing two parents of XZM2, Gossypium hirsutum cv. Zhongmiansuo12 (ZMS12) and G. hirsutum acc. 8891, and through subsequent selfings, we obtained F₈ and F₉ populations of 180 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). A RIL population was cultivated in two cotton-growing regions in China for 2 years. The purpose of the present research was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fiber quality and provide information applicable to cotton breeding. A genetic map was constructed mainly using SSR markers. QTL controlling fiber quality traits were determined at the single-locus and two-locus levels, and genotype-by-environment interactions were analyzed. Among the main-effect QTL, a fiber length QTL qFL-D2-1 and a reflectance QTL qFR-D2-1 were simultaneously detected at two growing regions in 2 years, which suggested a high degree of stability in different environments, and might be of particular value for a marker-assisted selection (MAS) program. The results suggested that epistatic effects, as well as additive effects, of QTL play important roles in fiber quality in these RILs. In our research, the phenomenon of QTL clusters was detected in the cotton genome.     

中华绒螯蟹不同部位中活性香气物质的研究

运用顶空固相微萃取-气-质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),对采自崇明的二级雄性中华绒螯蟹体肉、钳肉、足肉和性腺中的香气成分进行了鉴定并以内标法对其定量。大闸蟹四可食部位中共检测到8大类58种香气物质,根据阈值进一步求得每种香气物质的活性值(OAV值)。以OAV值为依据,从58种化合物中筛选得到了癸醛等15种最为关键的活性香气物质,并运用主成分分析法(PCA)和聚类分析法(CA)对其活性值进行了分析。由PCA分析得到:性腺样品香气品质较佳,戊醛等8种为表征"高品质风味"的特征性香气物质(其中2,4-庚二烯醛最为重要)。由CA分析得到:大闸蟹性腺样品可聚为一类,戊醛等8种活性香气成分也可聚为一类。主成分分析和聚类分析结果存在一致性且可以相互补充,今后可利用两种方法建立大闸蟹香气品质的评价模型。     

产业集群发展升级中的地方政府治理探析

从产业集群发展升级及地方政府治理的必要性入手,讨论产业集群发展升级中地方政府治理的趋势,从地方-全球的视角分别阐述了地方政府在治理中的职能定位,最后以温州为例来研究地方政府治理在产业集群发展升级中的效用。     

大秦岭生态城市群生态农业产业化问题研究

首先论述了大秦岭生态城市群发展生态农业的必然性,然后从大秦岭生态城市群生态农业产业化的基础条件和生态农业产业化的差异性禀赋2个层次分析了大秦岭生态城市群生态农业产业化的条件禀赋。最后,指出了大秦岭生态城市群生态农业的具体表现形式和功能定位,并提出了大秦岭生态城市群农业产业化的对策：一是强化政府的引导与媒体的宣传;二是加强对大秦岭生态城市群生态农业产业化的金融支持;三是尽快实行大秦岭生态城市群生态农业品牌化战略。