浅谈社会主义新农村建设

社会主义新农村,应该是农民生产生活资料完整财产权利的回归;是农民民主权利的完全落实;是在开放社会中获得公平的话语表达权利;是政府的公共政策体现在城乡平等上,政府切实担当起农村义务教育、基本医疗和养老、水利交通等的建设;此外还有迁徙自由、择业自由等。政府应该担当相应的公共责任,农民应得的权利和自由还给农民。     

Agricultural industrialization system defect and bottleneck analysis ----Survey of industrialization running situation of cow of Qian County of Shaanxi Province and thinking

在陕西省乾县典型调查的基础上,运用实证分析,对乾县奶牛产业化运作情况进行了分析,得出中国在发展农业产业化过程中存在的制度缺陷及主要发展瓶颈,提出建立合作组织、加快农村基础设施建设等具体措施,从而促进中国农业产业化健康发展。     

Genetic tracking of the brown bear in northern Pakistan and implications for conservation

Asian bears face major threats due to the impact of human activities as well as a critical lack of knowledge about their status, distribution and needs for survival. Once abundant in northern Pakistan, the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) has been exterminated in most of its former distribution range. It presently occurs sparsely, in small populations, the Deosai National Park supporting the largest isolate. This decline might imply a reduction in genetic diversity, compromising the survival of the population. Using a combination of fecal DNA analysis and field data, our study aimed at assessing the size and genetic status of the Deosai population and give guidelines for its conservation and management. Using fecal genetic analysis, we estimated the population to be 40-50 bears, which compares well with the field census of 38 bears. The northern Pakistani brown bear population may have undergone an approximate 200-300-fold decrease during the last thousand years, probably due to glaciations and the influence of growing human population. However, in spite of the presence of a bottleneck genetic signature, the Deosai population has a moderate level of genetic diversity and is not at immediate risk of inbreeding depression. Gene flow might exist with adjacent populations. We recommend careful monitoring of this population in the future both with field observations and genetic analyses, including sampling of adjacent populations to assess incoming gene flow. The connectivity with adjacent populations in Pakistan and India will be of prime importance for the long-term survival of Deosai bears.     

川法小曲白酒发展现状及其瓶颈问题分析

四川固态法小曲白酒酿造历史悠久、风格典型、味道独特,与大曲清香、麸曲清香共同组成了清香型白酒的三大类型.对清香型川法小曲白酒的历史由来、在我国白酒行业中所占地位、生产工艺的革新历程、生产、研究及市场现状、发展瓶颈问题、面临的机遇、酒质提升的解决途径及建议、未来发展趋势进行了分析探讨.     

我国耕地复种指数继续提高的瓶颈与对策

从我国耕地资源和粮食供求的变化趋势分析出发,认为继续提高我国耕地复种指数,是提高我国粮食自给能力、保证粮食安全的根本途径。分析认为劳动与制度要素是今后制约我国耕地复种指数继续提高的瓶颈,而突破瓶颈的根本出路:一是进行土地制度创新以促进耕地经营使用权的合理流动,二是加快提高农业机械化水平。     

Conservation implications of the distribution of genetic diversity at different scales: a case study using the marsh fritillary butterfly (Euphydryas aurinia)

In the UK, Euphydryas aurinia exists in fragmented habitat patches, and undergoes population fluctuations as a result of a larval parasitoid. Its range is declining in the UK and conservation is thought to require a landscape approach since populations spread over large areas in some years and contract to core breeding patches in others. We examined populations at a range of geographic scales using allozyme electrophoresis to look for evidence of gene flow and differences in genetic diversity among populations. Nationally, our F_ST value was 0.1542 but between population groups within the suspected colonisation range of the butterfly (ca. 20 km), F_ST values were not significantly different from zero. Genetic diversity in terms of number of alleles and heterozygosity was reasonably high in natural populations (H_e=0.267) but low in an introduced, isolated population. We infer that migration between closely spaced subpopulations (in a metapopulation) maintains a high genetic effective population size (large number of individuals in a population that contribute genes to the next generation) which offsets any local reductions in population numbers due to stochastic extinctions or parasitoid effects. We therefore conclude that effective conservation of the species must seek to provide networks of suitable habitat for groups of subpopulations, rather than maintaining habitat for isolated populations.     

临夏州肉牛产业发展的瓶颈与建议

肉牛养殖是临夏州产业发展的支柱产业,也是广大农户增收致富的优势产业,但目前,临夏州肉牛产业发展还存在一些瓶颈,结合这些问题,提出了符合临夏州肉牛产业发展的几点建议。     

中国5个矮马品种的瓶颈效应分析

利用13个微卫星基因座对中国5个矮马品种(德保、贵州、宁强、四川、云南)群体进行了遗传平衡检测。根据微卫星等位基因频率,应用无限等位基因模型(infinite allele model,IAM)、双相突变模型(two-phased model of mutation,TPM)和逐步突变模型(step-wise mutation model,SMM)3种模型,符号和Wilcoxon 符号—秩2种检验方法,对5个矮马群体的突变－漂移平衡进行分析。结果表明,在IAM下,Wilcoxon 符号－秩检验中,德保矮马和云南矮马达到了显著性水平(P<0.05);在SMM下,宁强矮马在符号检验中达到了显著水平(P<0.05);在TPM下,5个群体均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。因此,德保、云南和宁强矮马近期可能经历了瓶颈效应。本研究结果对中国矮马的保护和利用具有重大意义。     

制造车间生产物流瓶颈指数研究

针对制造车间生产物流瓶颈漂移现象,将瓶颈漂移因素分为能力因素、需求因素和能力-需求综合因素,并采用时间能力因子、时间需求因子和质量保证能力因子对各种瓶颈漂移因素进行数字化描述,为瓶颈漂移因素耦合机理的研究提供数据支持。利用马尔可夫链描述各种瓶颈漂移因素的状态空间和转移概率,构建贡献函数,实现瓶颈漂移因素耦合机理的定量分析。以贡献度和质量保证能力为参数,建立瓶颈指数数学模型,以度量制造单元成为瓶颈的能力,为生产过程的控制和优化提供技术支持。通过对某一制造车间内生产物流瓶颈的预测和监控,验证了瓶颈指数的有效性和实用性。     

现代烟草农业发展的瓶颈与对策

简述了现代烟草农业的要义,分析了我国烟叶生产的现状以及现代烟草农业发展存在的瓶颈,并提出了加快发展我国现代烟草农业的对策与建议。