乡土物种补播对青藏高原高寒草甸群落稳定性的影响

为了探究高寒草甸天然草地补播乡土物种对草地群落稳定性的影响，本试验以垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）、异针茅（Stipa aliena）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）、溚草（Koeleria cristata）、星星草（Puccinellia tenuiflora）、扁蓿豆（Melissitus rutenica）、冷地早熟禾（Poa crymophila）为试验材料，设置5种混播组合，于2017年在青海省贵南县天然草地上进行补播。试验采用方差比率法（Variance ratio，VR）、M.Godron贡献定率法（Contribution law）以及生物量稳定性分析方法，结果表明：5种组合补播后使得群落联结性降低、生物量稳定性增大，群落整体稳定性增强，正向着稳定方向发展；5种组合中，组合D （扁蓿豆+星星草+垂穗披碱草+异针茅+溚草）的生物量稳定性最大，是对草地恢复最有效的物种组合。本试验筛选出了对草地生态修复最有效的物种组合，为草地保护及利用提供了科学依据。     

阔叶红松林的生物量和营养元素含量的研究

一、研究内容和方法我们于1985—1987年对小兴安岭阔叶红松林的生物量进行了研究。生物量的测定是在凉水自然保护区的阔叶红松林内进行的。林龄220年,组成8红2椴,林分平均高23.1m,平均直径37.4cm。其中红松平均高27.2m,平均直径45.2cm,密度622株/ha,针     

杉木林杆材阶段能量积累和分配的研究

目前森林生态系统生产力的研究 ,多以干物质量作为指标 ,这对深入了解生态系统的功能 ,生态效益都有一定的局限性。必须把生物量与能量结合起来 ,因为生物量和能流的研究 ,是人工林生态系统结构和功能的研究中最主要的一环 ,是研究物质生产、物质循环和能量流动的基础。关于森林各组织器官的热值和能量的研究 ,国内外许多学者做过这方面的工作。刘世荣等 (1990 )研究了落叶松 (Larixgmelinii)林群落能量积累、分配、固定和转化的规律 ;陶金川等 (1990 )探讨了银鹊树 (Tapisciasinensis)群落的生物量和能量的现存量 ;张文其等 (1995 )对鹤山…     

春小麦、紫花苜蓿混播植物群落地上生物量季节动态

通过对小麦 +紫花苜蓿混播当年植物群落地上生物量的测定表明 :植物在生长季节 ,各类群的地上生物量有明显差异 ,地上生物量积累最多的是小麦 ,其次是杂草 ,混播当年紫花苜蓿的地上生物量很小。小麦和杂草的地上生物量季节生长速率高峰期出现在 7月下旬 ,紫花苜蓿在 8月下旬。     

不同程度退化草地生物量的分布模式

以高寒矮嵩草草甸为研究对象,分析了不同程度退化草地地下和地上生物量的变化。结果表明:地下和地上生物量随着草地退化程度的加剧而下降;地下生物量主要分布在0~10cm的范围内,随着草地退化程度的加剧,植物根系有向表层聚集的趋势;植物群落组成中,莎草和禾草地上和地下生物量均呈现下降的趋势,而杂类草则表现出逐渐增加的趋向;轻度和中度退化草地总地上生物量远低于地下生物量,重度和极度退化草地则相差较小,特别是在极度退化草地,地上生物量与地下生物量十分接近。     

东北“三大硬阔”叶片和叶轴质量分配比较

以3个树种健康复叶为试材,研究了叶内光合构件和支撑构件的生物量投资的种内种间变化规律。结果表明:水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄檗叶轴质量占复叶质量的比例分别为0.18、0.26和0.17,胡桃楸显著大于其它2个树种。跨物种尺度上,复叶大的树种需要更多的叶内支撑结构投资。但物种水平上,水曲柳叶片投资随叶增大而增大,胡桃楸则降低,黄檗基本稳定,表现出与跨物种水平上的叶片投资随叶增大而降低的普遍规律不同。今后需要加深物种水平上叶内生物量分配的异速生长的了解。     

Interactions between crop biomass and development of foliar diseases in winter wheat and the potential to graduate the fungicide dose according to crop biomass

Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass.     

基于PLC的生物质燃料节能灶控制器设计

生物质燃料是指将生物质材料燃烧作为燃料，主要使用农林废弃物作为原材料。生物质成型燃料(BiomassMouldingFuel，简称"BMF")，是将农林废物作为原材料，经过粉碎、混合、挤压、烘干等工艺，制成各种成型(如块状、颗粒状等)的，可直接燃烧的一种新型清洁燃料。但是如何安全可靠使用，我国现阶段还没有成熟的技术。本文详细介绍笔者通过和企业合作的方式设计一款基于PLC的生物质燃料控制器的设计方案。     

The Humus Content and Soil Biological Properties as a Function of Organic and Mineral Fertilization

There is a growing recognition for the need to develop sensitive indicators of soil quality that reflect the effects of land management on soil and assist land users in promoting sustainability of agro-ecosystems. Three soil enzymes (dehydrogenase, phosphatase and invertase) microbial biomass as biological variables and soil organic matter content (SOM) were investigated relative to fertilization and soil fertility (estimated by crop yield) at a long-term fertilization trial (Keszthely, Hungary). 0-34.7-69.4-104.1t farmyard manure (FYM) ha m 1 5 yr m 1 and the corresponding amount of mineral fertilizers (NPK) were applied in two different crop rotation systems. There were four straw and/or stalk incorporating treatments in the second crop rotation 'B'. Enzyme activities, microbial biomass and the amount of SOM were generally higher in the fertilized soils than in the unfertilized soils. The type of amendments (mineral, FYM or mixed) had significant effects only on the amount of SOM. The correlations among the biological variables and the crop yield were generally low (r < 0.250. The differences in field management resulted only in the invertase activity.     

多梯度氮磷添加对高寒草甸植物群落生物量与氮磷含量的影响

为研究不同梯度氮、磷单独及混合添加对高寒草甸植物群落生物量、植物养分含量及化学计量比的影响,本实验分析了青海省门源县典型高寒草甸植物群落地上总生物量,功能群水平地上生物量,植物全氮、全磷含量及氮磷比对多梯度氮、磷添加的响应情况。结果表明：氮、磷添加均对群落地上生物量影响极显著(P<0.001);氮添加对禾草类和豆科生物量影响极显著(P<0.001);磷添加对禾草类和莎草类生物量影响极显著(P<0.001);氮磷交互作用对豆科和莎草类生物量影响显著(P<0.05)。群落水平上,氮添加显著提高了植物全氮含量,对植物氮磷比(N∶P)有正效应,磷添加显著提高了植物全磷含量,对植物N∶P有负效应,植物全磷对N∶P的负效应大于全氮对N∶P的正效应。本研究表明氮、磷添加可能会使高寒草甸植物群落组成和植物养分含量发生改变,植物群落逐渐向禾草类发展;此外,高寒草甸植物生长趋向于受氮磷共同限制。