Purification and characterization of hepatic triacylglycerol lipase isolated from rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Trialcylglycerol (TG) lipase was isolated and partially purified from rainbow trout liver. Triacylglycerol lipase activity was assayed by measuring¹⁴C-oleic acid release from¹⁴C-triolein.¹⁴C-oleic acid release was linear for up to two hours. Optimal activity occurred at pH 7.0 and 15°C. Most of the lipase activity was recovered in the cytosolic fraction. A 27,000-fold purification was achieved after Sepharose (Bio-gel A 0.5 M, 200–400 mesh) chromatography of a resuspended 20% ammonium sulfate fraction. The molecular weight of the trout hepatic lipase as determined by size-exclusion chromatography and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 40–43 kD. Lipase-mediated hydrolysis of TG resulted in the production of diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, and fatty acids. Kinetic analysis indicated that V_max=0.016 nmol/h/mg protein and that K_m=0.28 mM triolein. Lipolytic activity was enhanced in the presence of cAMP/ATP-Mg²⁺. These results suggest that the liver of trout possesses a neutral TG lipase that is responsible for mobilizing stored TG and is catalytically activated by phosphorylation.A part of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, December 26–30, 1990, San Antonio, TX.     

Serum lipase determination in the dog: a comparison of a titrimetric method with an automated kinetic method

An enzymatic, kinetic method for determining serum lipase activity was evaluated and compared to a standard manual method for use in dogs. The kinetic method was a commercial kit adapted for use on a tandem access clinical chemistry analyzer and utilized a series of coupled enzymatic reactions based on the hydrolysis of 1,2-diglyceride by lipase. The manual method was the Cherry-Crandall technique based on the titration of base against the acid formed by hydrolysis of an olive oil substrate by lipase. The correlation between the two methods was very good (r = 0.94). The reference range for 56 clinically healthy dogs assayed by the kinetic method was 90 to 527 U/L. Diseases associated with a greater than twofold elevation in serum lipase activity as determined by the kinetic method included pancreatitis, gastritis with liver disease, and oliguric renal failure with metabolic acidosis. In some cases, pancreatitis was seen with other clinical problems, such as gastroenteritis, diabetic ketoacidosis, duodenal mass, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and septic peritonitis. Diseases associated with serum lipase activity within the reference range or elevated less than twofold included gastritis, gastric ulcer, cholestasis, phenobarbital-induced hepatopathy, colitis, copper hepatopathy, abdominal hematoma, apocrine gland adenocarcinoma, and thrombocytopenia with pneumonia.     

Insulin induced LPL mRNA expression in THP-1 macrophage and acceleration of transferring the macrophage to foam cell

AIM:To investigate the effect of insulin on ox-LDL transferring the THP-1 cells to foam cells and influencing the LPL mRNA expression in THP-1 cells.METHODS:THP-1 cells were incubated with 50 mg/Lox-LDL and insulin at concentrations of 10 mU/L, 100 mU/L, 1 000 mU/L and 10 000 mU/L, respectively. The expression of LPL mRNA in cells was detected by RT-PCR. Lipoprotein lipase of THP-1 cells was presented by no-specific lipase staining. THP-1 cells were stained with oil red O. Accumulation of total cholesterol (TC) in THP-1 cells was determined with oxidase assay.RESULTS:In 100 mU/L、1 000 mU/L、10 000 mU/L insulin groups, LPL mRNA expression increased 2 times, the average cell perilength was longer, the percentage of positive oil red O staining cells was significant higher, the content of cholesterol in THP-1 cells was higher than in ox-LDL control (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Insulin accelerates transferring of THP-1 cells to foam cell with exposed to ox-LDL because LPL mRNA expression increased in the cells.     

文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺优化及减肥降脂功效

【目的】优化文冠果叶总皂苷的提取工艺，并对其减肥降脂功效进行分析。【方法】采用单因素试验并结合Box-Behnken响应面法，对文冠果叶总皂苷的提取温度、液(mL)料(g)比、乙醇体积分数进行优化。采用高脂饲料喂养小鼠建立高血脂症模型，建模4周后，以奥利司他为阳性对照，分别采用高（200 mg/kg）、中（100 mg/kg）、低（50 mg/kg）剂量组文冠果叶总皂苷连续灌胃4周，检测小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）的浓度，分析不同剂量文冠果叶总皂苷对小鼠体内胰脂肪酶的抑制作用。【结果】文冠果叶总皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度60 ℃，乙醇体积分数70%，液(mL)料(g)比30∶1，此时文冠果叶总皂苷得率为4.952%。对小鼠的减肥降脂试验表明，文冠果叶总皂苷对胰脂肪酶的抑制活力最高可达68.29%，且在高血脂模型中，高、中、低剂量文冠果叶总皂苷均可显著或极显著降低血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C浓度，提高HDL-C浓度，其中高剂量组的降脂作用与阳性对照药物奥利司他效果相当。【结论】文冠果叶总皂苷减肥降脂功效显著，能够有效抑制胰脂肪酶活力，降低胆固醇和甘油三酯含量，进而促进脂肪代谢。     

Fat feeding increases equine heparin-released lipoprotein lipase activity

The aim of this study was to establish the dose-response relationship between fat intake and heparin-released plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in horses. Eight mature trotters were fed 4 rations with different fat levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.7, or 10.8% fat in the dry matter) according to a 4 X 4 Latin square design. The experimental rations consisted of hay and different concentrates; the concentrates and hay were given in a 3:1 ratio on an energy basis. Soybean oil was added to the concentrates at the expense of isoenergetic amounts of glucose. Blood samples were taken at the end of each dietary period, which lasted 3 weeks. Fat feeding was found to increase heparin-released plasma LPL activity in a dose-dependent fashion. When the data from this study and previous studies were combined it was calculated that an increase in fat intake by 1 g/kg dry matter is associated with an increase in LPL activity by 0.98 micromol fatty acid released-mL(-1) x h(-1). Fat feeding raised the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and phospholipids. Diet did not have a statistically significant effect on plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. The results are discussed in the light of the possible enhancing effect of fat feeding on the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle.     

海洋源芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其消化酶代谢产物的测定

【目的】从海洋生物和环境中分离鉴定出产消化酶代谢产物的芽孢杆菌,为微生态制剂的研制提供益生菌种。【方法】从雷州半岛近岸海域采集样品,用高温处理、富集培养和分离培养的方法获得分离菌株;通过菌落形态、细胞结构、染色特征、生化试验和16S rRNA基因测序对分离菌株进行鉴定;采用福林-酚比色法、淀粉-碘比色法和橄榄油乳化法测定分离菌株代谢产物中的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性。【结果】从22份样品中初步鉴定出疑似芽孢杆菌43株,筛选3种消化酶综合活性最强的8株,经生化试验和16S rRNA基因测序鉴定,有蜡样芽孢杆菌3株、暹罗芽孢杆菌3株、特基拉芽孢杆菌1株、解木糖赖氨酸芽孢杆菌1株。其中,解木糖赖氨酸芽孢杆菌BC1产脂肪酶活力最高,为52.13 U/mL;蜡样芽孢杆菌BC3产蛋白酶活力最高,为4.78U/mL;暹罗芽孢杆菌BC6产淀粉酶活力最高,为2.35 U/mL。【结论】成功筛选出产消化酶代谢产物的海洋源芽孢杆菌。     

大黄鱼发育进程中消化酶的活力变化

不同发育阶段大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)样品体重30～500g,取自厦门海区网箱养殖区。以酶学分析方法测定大黄鱼发育进程中胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶4种消化酶的活力。结果表明,在大黄鱼发育进程中,对蛋白的整体消化能力始终较强;4种消化酶活力表现出2种变化模式,其中胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶活力逐渐降低,而淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力呈上升趋势。胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的比活力随鱼体重的变化分别遵循回归方程Y=34．89／X 0．050;Y=53．36／X 0．29;Y=-22．38／X 1．13和Y=-1．35／X 0．13。初步认为,在大黄鱼发育过程中,150g体重为其生长发育的转折点,这一阶段各种消化酶的变化可反映其食性的变化情况,本研究旨为大黄鱼配合饲料的研制与开发提供基础依据。