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排序方式： 共有39条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《Reviews in Aquaculture》2018,10(2):281-295
Formalin (aqueous solution of formaldehyde stabilized with methanol) is one of the most used disinfectants in aquaculture. It is used to eliminate infectious agents but may be responsible for negative effects on fish and water quality. This work focuses on physical–chemical properties of formalin and on its reactions and its use in intensive aquaculture and in environment. The types of treatments and the action mode of formalin are also described. The main consequences of formalin exposure to fish are damage in gills and alterations in mucous cells. Formalin also interacts with some treatments adopted in aquaculture establishments, for example biological filter, where the nitrification process seems to be strongly affected. With respect to formalin inactivation, formaldehyde (effluent) may be diluted with water or specific treatments should be conducted to decrease the concentration levels before its discharge into the environment. The common methodologies applied to aquaculture are not completely efficient on formalin removal from water, and the advanced oxidation processes may be a good alternative. 相似文献
2.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of different disinfectants' treatment using in aquaculture on the oxidative stress biomarkers such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates (TBARS) and carbonyl derivatives of protein oxidative modification, as well as antioxidant defences [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity] and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the heart tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the disinfectants exposure, fish were treated to chloramine‐T (final concentration 10 g m?3), chloride dioxide (5 g m?3), formalin (200 mL m?3) and CIP disinfectant based on peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (16 mL m?3) for 20 min and repeated three times every 3 days. Both chlorine dioxide and formalin treatment was indicated by a significant increase in the level of heart TBARS levels and carbonyl derivatives content and decreased SOD activity. Tissue oxidative stress biomarkers were unchanged upon chloramine‐T or CIP disinfectant exposure. Increased oxidative stress could modify antioxidant defences, principally causing increased CAT activity in the heart tissue of formalin‐ or ClO2?‐exposed fish. The correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and GPx activity indicates that enzymes related to glutathione metabolism were responsible to formalin or ClO2?‐induced oxidative stress. Hence, TBARS, carbonyl derivatives and antioxidant defences could be used as biomarkers in evaluating the toxicity of formalin and chlorine dioxide using as disinfectants to trout. 相似文献
3.
牙鲆稚鱼对几种化学消毒剂的敏感性研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究了6种化学消毒剂对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus稚鱼的最低致死浓度范围、死亡速度、半致死浓度（LC50）和安全浓度。牙鲆稚鱼对6种化学消毒剂的敏感性依次为：孔雀石绿＞次氯酸钠＞二氧化氯＞净水剂1号＞硫酸铜合剂＞高锰酸钾。依据本试验结果,作者对牙鲆疾病防治中消毒剂的使用进行了探讨。 相似文献
4.
为了解目前猪场常用消毒剂对猪场常见肠道致病菌的杀菌作用,开展了5种猪场常用消毒剂(特碘、复合醛、消特灵、氢氧化纳和高锰酸钾)杀灭5种猪场常见肠道致病菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、弗氏枸橼酸杆菌和绿脓杆菌)最低浓度(M BC)的试验,依次为1∶600~1∶800,1∶1000~1∶2500,1∶30000~1∶40000,0.01%~0.03%,0.0008%~0.004%。观察温度对各种消毒剂作用沙门氏菌M BC的影响,结果表明,温度越高,特碘的M BC也越高,复合醛则越低,而其他3种影响不大;固定各种消毒剂浓度所能杀灭的最高沙门氏菌浓度,均能达到106个.m l-1以上,两种消毒剂配合使用效果不一。同时还检测了终止和不终止消毒剂作用对杀菌效果的影响不大,并对猪场用药提出几点建议。 相似文献
5.
利用正交设计试验研究了3个不同种子预浸泡时间(6,12和24h),3种消毒剂(10%H2O2,30%NaClO和0.1%HgCl2)和3个不同消毒时间(10,20和30min)对甘肃红豆草种子萌发率、污染率及发芽指数的影响,以获取甘肃红豆草无菌苗时种子的最佳消毒方法。结果表明,3个因素对发芽率影响差异显著;预浸泡时间对发芽指数影响差异极显著,而对污染率影响差异不显著;消毒剂种类及消毒时间对污染率和发芽指数影响差异显著。综合各项因素,室温条件下无菌水预浸泡24h、0.1%HgCl2消毒20min种子发芽率较高,污染率较低,发芽较快且出苗整齐,是获取甘肃红豆草无菌苗种子的最佳消毒方式。 相似文献
6.
Streptococcosis is an important bacterial disease in Nile tilapia causing severe economic losses to tilapia aquaculture worldwide. The effects of water quality (low‐ [LS] and high‐level [HS] soiling, to mimic clean or dirty surface conditions and temperatures) and disinfectant application (diluted concentrations and exposure time) were characterized on the inactivation of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from diseased tilapia. Five isolates were tested against three commercial disinfectant products with the main ingredients being povidone iodine (Anidine 100?; AD), benzalkonium chloride (Better BKC 80%?; BKC 80), and a mixture of quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde (Chloraldehyde?; CR). CR demonstrated highest efficacy to S. agalactiae inactivation, followed by BKC 80 and AD, respectively. Higher‐level soiling, low temperature, diluted concentrations and short exposure time all decreased the disinfectant efficacy. CR and BKC 80 provided more than 5‐log inactivation at 1‐min exposure at 20°C under HS conditions, and also with ten‐fold‐diluted concentrations at 60‐min exposure time at 30°C. However, AD required 10‐min exposure to effectively remove bacteria under LS conditions at 30°C. The results could facilitate aquaculture management planning that leads to operating cost reductions and improvements in biosecurity. 相似文献
7.
用硫酸新霉素、硫酸链霉素、多粘菌B、硫酸庆大霉素等4种抗生素和黄斑消、细菌病杀、疣克星等消毒剂对杏鲍菇褐斑病的病原菌细菌Pseudomonas tolaasii药剂筛选,采用纸碟法,以抑菌圈的大小.测定杀菌效果表明,消毒剂的防治效果黄斑消>疣克星>细菌病杀.生产上防治细菌性褐斑病首选黄斑消.四种抗生素抑菌效果表明,硫酸庆大霉素>硫酸新霉素>硫酸链霉素>多粘菌B.4种抗生素有效成分Ec50的大小顺序依次为:多粘菌B>硫酸链霉素>硫酸新霉素>硫酸庆大霉素且其差异显著,其中多粘菌最高为7,67 μg/mL,硫酸庆大霉素最低0,73μg/mL. 相似文献
8.
柑橘黄龙病是柑橘生产上最具毁灭性的病害,目前没有防治特效药也没有较好的抗性品种。本文以含氯消毒剂作为柑橘黄龙病菌防治的候选药剂开展药剂筛选试验。将染病接穗分别浸泡3种含氯消毒剂再嫁接到健康枳壳砧木上,利用定量PCR技术定量分析药剂处理前后黄龙病菌含量的变化,建立柑橘黄龙病菌药剂防治效果评价体系。试验结果表明,漂白粉（CH）不适合利用嫁接技术进行候选药剂筛选;二氯异氰尿酸钠（NaDCC）和三氯泡腾消毒片（TCCA）的抑菌效果随处理浓度的降低而减弱,在有效氯含量为5000mg/L时,病菌减退率最高,分别为99.1%和99.5%,相对防效最佳,分别达到了97.9%和98.8%,与对照药剂盐酸四环素(TET)的抑制效果相当,说明NaDCC和TCCA可以作为柑橘黄龙病化学防治的候选药剂。 相似文献
9.
10.