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1.
吉林莫莫格白鹤春季行为研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
白鹤属大型涉禽,仅分布于亚洲地区,其东亚种群数量为3 750只左右;由于环境变迁,种群数量越来越少,已被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。为阐明在沼泽湿地生态系统环境中白鹤春季的活动规律以及各种行为的时间分配,于2010年4月15日~5月13日,在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区对白鹤春季迁徙期行为进行了初步研究。白鹤的各种行为的时间分配依次为:觅食占64.34%、静栖占4.42%、警戒占13.92%、游走占4.57%、理羽占11.51%、其他(包括打斗、飞行、呜叫等情况)占2.56%。成体与亚成体白鹤、雄鹤与雌鹤在行为和时间分配上有明显差异,在觅食时间上雌鹤高出雄鹤10%左右,雄鹤的警戒时间高于雌鹤。 相似文献
2.
本试验旨在通过克隆东北虎γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)基因,研究其分子特征并预测蛋白生物学功能,为后续研究干扰素抗病毒活性做前期准备。通过RT-PCR从ConA诱导过的东北虎血淋巴细胞中扩增东北虎IFN-γ基因并测序,应用生物信息学方法进行序列分析。结果表明:东北虎IFN-γ编码区由504个核苷酸组成,共编码167个氨基酸,蛋白相对分子质量为19.59 ku,等电点为9.03,所编码的蛋白为碱性亲水性蛋白,其中前23个氨基酸可能为信号肽,IFN-γ编码蛋白保守结构域为IFN-γ超家族,且存在跨膜结构,其中1-6位氨基酸为胞内区域,7-28位氨基酸为跨膜区域,29-167位氨基酸为胞外区域;IFN-γ编码蛋白二级结构主要以α-螺旋(58.08%)和无规则卷曲(33.53%)为主,存在5个潜在的B细胞抗原表位,3个潜在的N-糖基化位点;分子进化分析显示,东北虎IFN-γ与GenBank上发表的东北虎、非洲狮、金钱豹、美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、加拿大猞猁、野猪等的核苷酸相似性为80.4%~99.8%,氨基酸相似性为70.5%~100%,东北虎IFN-γ与非洲狮、金钱豹亲缘关系最近,美洲狮、猎豹、家猫、猞猁次之,野猪最远。通过合成改造后的东北虎IFN-γ基因,构建能表达IFN-γ蛋白的重组质粒pPIC9K-IFN-γ,将其导入高效表达系统-毕赤酵母中进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达蛋白的分子量约17.8 ku,与预期大小相符,表明东北虎IFN-γ成功表达。 相似文献
3.
- 1. Dabry's sturgeon, a large, long‐lived migratory fish is endemic to the Yangtze River. Over‐fishing and habitat destruction have caused large‐scale declines in natural stocks in the last two decades.
- 2. Examining patterns of genetic diversity has become an integral component of many management plans for endangered species. DNA fingerprinting was applied to detect genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon collected in 1958–1959, 1980–1981 and 1998–1999.
- 3. Studies on direct genetic parameters (genetic variability, hypervariable loci and heterozygosity) and indirect parameters (band‐sharing coefficient and allelic frequency) showed that the continuous decline in wild populations has caused the loss of genetic diversity in present‐day sturgeon.
- 4. The present‐day populations have the lowest genetic variability; thus, effective management is needed to preserve genetic diversity.
- 5. A conservation strategy is urgently required, comprising artificial rearing facilities coupled with breeding management plans.
4.
We investigated the effect of raising runt white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) separately from dominant fish during the initial stages of grow-out in a commercial farm. Runt fish are poor-growers, have underdeveloped muscle mass, swim slowly and are more-frequently found at the top of the water column. The objective of the study was to describe the mortality and recovery rates (and their determinants) of white-sturgeon runts after separating them from dominant fish. Runt white sturgeon were stocked into twelve 2 m × 2 m rectangular tanks and graded periodically during a follow-up of 46–102 days. Overall mortality rates ranged from 0.3 to 7 dead fish per 1000 sturgeon-days at risk and overall recovery rates from 3.9 to 13.5 recovered fish per 1000 sturgeon-days at risk. Period-specific mortality and recovery rates increased over time. The period-specific mortality rates for all three periods were significantly higher for tanks of runts originating from grow-out tanks with high mortality (p-values: first period = 0.06; second period = 0.09; third period = 0.03), but were similar for tanks of runts of high- and low-mean initial weight. The period-specific recovery rates were significantly higher in runts originating from high-mortality grow-out tanks only for the third period (p = 0.05) but not the first and second periods (p-values = 0.33 and 0.25, respectively). Recovery rates were significantly higher in the higher-mean-weight runts tanks for the first and third period but not for the second (p-values: first period = 0.02; second period = 0.65; third period = 0.06). We concluded that the proportion of runts that recover during a 46–89 day period is substantial (16–58%); therefore, it might be worthwhile growing such fish separately in a fish farm for about three months. Financial analysis showed that this practice was profitable, if the value of white sturgeon fish for the farm exceeded $2.05 per kg. 相似文献
5.
6.
从营养和管理方式均不同的两组东北虎群中各选5只体型适中的成年雄性东北虎作为研究对象,其中笼养组以纯肉为日粮,散养组以混合饲料为日粮。麻醉后采集静脉血,测定血液中各项生理生化指标,外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应,以及血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的含量。结果:散养组外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应显著高于笼养组(P〈0.05);血清尿素、肌酐、淀粉酶、谷丙转氦酶、谷草转氦酶等指标在两组间差异显著(P〈0.05):全血红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等指标组间差异不显著(P〉0.05)。结果显示:营养和管理方式对东北虎某些血液指标产生影响,混合日粮和散养方式更有利于维持东北虎的正常免疫机能和健康。 相似文献
7.
8.
淡水养殖中华鲟成鱼的3种方式及效果比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
淡水养殖中华鲟成鱼主要有工厂化养殖、网箱养殖和池塘养殖等3种方式。工厂化养殖和网箱养殖中华鲟成鱼的生长速度要明显快于池塘养殖方式,其中网箱养殖的成鱼有最大的相对生长率和瞬时生长率。工厂化养殖中华鲟成鱼需要较大的资金投入和较高的生产运行成本,同等生产规模的投资成本和生产运行成本为网箱养殖的2~3倍,不宜大规模推广,可选择条件适宜的山溪、水库进行自流式流水养殖;网箱养殖投入产出比高,能源消耗少,节约水资源,养殖中华鲟的生长速度、成活率、资金投入的效益等均有较明显的优势,是一种值得提倡和推广的中华鲟成鱼养殖方式。池塘养殖中华鲟成鱼虽然投入和成本低,但养殖成活率低,效果差,不宜大量采用。试验结果表明,工厂化养殖和网箱养殖中华鲟成鱼的单位面积载鱼量均较低,规格1~3kg的个体,养殖时的有效载鱼量控制在10kg·m-2左右较适宜,不宜超过15kg·m-2。 相似文献
9.
Histological and histochemical changes in the digestive tract of white sturgeon larvae during ontogeny 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
A. Gawlicka S. J. Teh S. S. O. Hung D. E. Hinton J. de la Noüe 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(5):357-371
Ontogenetic changes in digestive tract histology and digestive enzyme histochemistry were investigated 11 to 36 days post-hatch in white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus larvae. From initiation of exogenous feeding (12 days post-hatch), larvae were fed a commercial salmonid diet for the ensuing 24 days. The digestive system of white sturgeon displayed a high degree of morphologic organization and functionality at the onset of exogenous feeding. An enhancement of digestive capacities occurred with transition to active feeding. On day 2 of feeding, there was a clear increase of alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase M, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and -glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the brush border of the spiral intestine. This strong activity is an apparent confirmation of the importance of this segment of the intestine for protein digestion and nutrient absorption. The functional development of the pyloric intestine occurred on day 4 and was concomitant with an increase in the activity of brush border and cytoplasmic enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase, dipeptidyl peptidase II, - and -galactosidases. The absence of acetylcholinesterase, lactase, nonspecific esterase, and weak activity of exopeptidases and alkaline phosphatase in the anterior intestine suggests that this segment of the intestine may be less important in nutrient absorption than the pyloric and spiral intestines. The observed quantitative and qualitative differences in enzyme activity along the intestine indicate a high degree of specialization of each segment for specific digestive and absorptive processes. 相似文献
10.
The in vitro effects of several steroids on the maturation of intact white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) ovarian follicles were investigated. At the highest concentration (1024 ng ml–1 for the C21 steroids and 1139 ng ml–1 for the C19 steroids), all of the C21 steroids tested, progesterone (P4), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), 17,(20,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-S), 11-deoxycortisol (S) and cortisol (F), as well as testosterone (T) induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 14 and 22 h. At 6 h, only P4 and 17,20-P induced maturation at the highest concentration (1024 ng ml–1). At 14 and 22 h, 11-deoxycortisol was the most potent steroid inducer of GVBD followed by P4, 17OHP, 17,20-P, and 20-S. The steroid 11-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) was completely ineffective at all concentrations and exposure times. The C21 steroids induced oocyte maturation at concentrations ranging from 4 to 1024 ng ml–1, whereas T induced GVBD at 225 to 1139 ng ml–1. Calculation of the mean effective concentration that induced 50% GVBD (EC50) from the 22 h incubations revealed the following order of potencies: S > P4 > 17OHP > 17,20-P > 20-S >> F > T. These bioassay results, together with previous findings on the endogenous production of steroids by ovarian follicles from gonadotropin-primed females, indicate that more than one steroid has a biological role in the resumption of meiosis in sturgeon oocytes and provides empirical evidence for P4, 17OHP, S, 20-S, and 17,20-P as maturation-inducing steroids in white sturgeon. 相似文献