Drag force and reconfiguration of cultivated Saccharina latissima in current

The design of aquaculture systems requires an understanding of the drag forces on cultivated kelp. This study measured the drag on line segments of cultivated Saccharina latissima in a towing tank. The drag on segments of farm line with full kelp bundles and with stipes alone (fronds removed) was measured at tow speeds of 0.10 to 0.50 m/s. The drag on individual fronds cut from the line was also measured. Video images were collected to evaluate the plant reconfiguration. Both kelp blades and stipes contributed to the total drag force on the line bundle. Within the velocity range of our experiments, the kelp blades were essentially horizontal. However, the pronation of kelp stipes increased as flow velocity increased. The reconfiguration of kelp stipes was observed to decrease the vertical extent of the kelp bundle. Due to this reconfiguration, the measured force, $F$, increased with velocity, $U$, at a rate slower than quadratic, and was consistent with scaling laws derived for reconfiguration. Specifically, $F\sim U^{\alpha }$ with $\alpha =1.35\pm 0.17$.     

海带粒蜂蜜口服液的研制

以蜂蜜和海带为主要原料开发研制了一款口服液新产品.海带经过浸泡、清洗、切丝、熟化、打浆、打磨、过滤、调pH、酶解、灭酶、调配等工艺处理.通过正交试验得出酶解海带浆的最佳工艺参数为pH4.5、温度50℃、酶用量0.06％、酶解时间2h;通过评价正交试验样品,得出最佳配方为海带粒浆体50％、蜂蜜20％、海藻糖15％、柠檬酸0.2％、β-环糊精0.08％.     

Harvesting machine for kelp culture in floating raft

Kelp is not only a kind of food of sea vegetable for human, but also widely used as raw materials in processing food, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In China kelp is generally planted on floating raft by using horizontal kelp rope cultivation method and often harvested manually. Harvesting kelp by hand is a difficult process with low production efficiency and high labor intensity. In this paper, a harvesting machine was developed for floating raft culture of kelp. It consists of mainly two locomotion modules, a collection/transmission module and a power module. The structure and working mechanism of this machine was presented and analyzed in detail. The tests of experiments were conducted as well with the developed machine. The manual harvest efficiency is 16.7%; however the mechanized harvest efficiency average value is 35.8%. The harvest time could be reduced by half if the company takes the same people to work. It is proven that the design of the machine is feasible.     

盐度与pH对云纹石斑鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼活力的影响

为探讨盐度、pH对云纹石斑鱼Epinephelus moara胚胎发育和仔鱼活力的影响,采用单因子实验的方法,在水温22±0．2℃条件下,将受精卵在不同盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45）、不同pH（5．5、6．0、6．5、7．0、7．5、8．0、8．5、9．0和9．5）下孵化,观察比较其孵化率HR、畸形率DR以及对初孵仔鱼活力和仔鱼培育周期的影响。并在上述设定条件下,进行了初孵仔鱼耐受试验,测定其存活率SR及生存活力指数（SAI）。结果表明,云纹石斑鱼胚胎发育的最低和最高临界盐度分别为10和45,最低和最高临界PH分别为6．O和9．5;盐度、PH的适宜范围分别是20～40、6．5～9．0,最适范围分别是30～35、7．5～8．0。仔鱼生存盐度、pH的适宜范围分别是20～35、6．0～9．0,最适范围分别是25～30、7．5～8．0。     

桑沟湾养殖海带生长的模型预测

海带(Saccharinajaponica)是一种常见的大型经济褐藻,是海洋生态系统重要的初级生产者,也是我国北方沿海主要的养殖藻类。本研究旨在建立海带个体生长数值模型,并以此预测中国北方近海大规模筏式养殖条件下海带的生长情况。本研究以桑沟湾养殖海带为例,利用可视化模型软件STELLA描述海带生长的关键过程及其与环境参数的关系,以净生长量(N_(growth))=总生长量(G_(growth))–呼吸作用(resp)–枯烂(E_(kelp))为基本框架,模拟和预测海带的生物量和叶片长度变化。海带的总生长用光照、温度、盐度、海带体内营养盐(包括N和P)等强制函数定义,其中,光照参数来自桑沟湾气象记录,盐度、温度和营养盐为现场调查实测值。模型模拟桑沟湾养殖海带的长度与干重结果与实测值的拟合度R~2值分别为0.936、0.963,说明该模型能够很好反映海带的真实生长情况。可靠的个体生长模型是评估海带养殖容量的基础,并可为水产养殖区的空间规划提供决策依据。     

果蔬复合果丹皮的加工工艺研究

[目的]研究海带的脱腥工艺和复合果丹皮的配方。[方法]以海带、苹果、胡萝卜等为主要原料,通过正交试验优选复合果丹皮的最佳工艺配方,并用绿茶进行了海带的脱腥处理试验。[结果]用浓度为1.5%的茉莉花茶60℃处理海带10 min可脱腥。复合果丹皮的最佳配方：苹果浆∶海带浆∶胡萝卜浆为2∶1∶1,加糖量为30.00%,柠檬酸0.90%,海藻酸钠0.10%调配,在60℃下干燥6.0 h。[结论]在最佳工艺条件下,可得色泽、风味、口感较好的果蔬复合果丹皮。     

海带脱腥脱色技术研究

[目的]研究海带的脱腥和脱色技术方案。[方法]采用花茶处理海带进行脱腥,并用特制的脱色液对其脱色。[结果]结果表明,花茶用量1.5%,60℃下持续10 min脱腥最佳。25℃条件下,乙酐∶过氧化氢∶冰醋酸∶水(4∶5∶1∶20)脱色液脱色1 h效果较好。[结论]采用花茶脱腥以及过氧化氢处理液脱色可有效地改善海带的风味与色泽,且方法简单可行。     

海带病害防治诊断专家系统的研究

海带病害的诊断和防治是保障海带健康养殖的关键。为了提高海带养殖用户的病害诊断和防治水平,本文对海带病害诊断专家系统进行了研究。首先,研究了知识的获取,以学术期刊发表的文献为主,同时辅以专家的调研,收集整理28种海带病害;接着,选择产生式规则描述知识,并构造了规则库;最后,采用正向推理进行病害诊断。该系统采用JSP+Sevlet+JavaBean实现,可以满足海带养殖用户对病害防治诊断的需求,并指出了下一步的研究方向和内容。     

云纹石斑鱼生物学特性及人工繁育技术研究进展

云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)具有耐受性强、生长速度快、质量优、价格高等特点,是温带海域养殖的理想品种。本文简要概括了云纹石斑鱼的生物学特性,以及近几年的人工繁育技术的研究现状,重点在亲鱼选择与强化培育、催产与受精卵孵化以及仔稚鱼培育方面取得的研究进展及就其发展前景进行分析,旨在为我国云纹石斑鱼的苗种规模化繁育技术研发提供参考。     

海带豆腐制作工艺的优化

以大豆和海带为主要原料制作的海带豆腐具有很高的营养价值和医疗保健作用.采用4因素3水平的正交试验确定了海带豆腐的最佳工艺参数.即:海带添加量20%、葡萄糖酸内酯0.30%、凝固时间16min、凝固温度95℃.制作出的海带豆腐呈白色,凝固状态好、保水性好、有弹性、质地细腻,具有纯正的豆香味及海带特有的风味.