Outdoor mass microalgae production in Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico

The diatom Chaetoceros muelleri was grown in outdoor mass cultures under the winter, spring and summer conditions of Bahia Kino, Sonora, NW Mexico. The solar irradiance in winter was close to 60% of that available in spring and summer, but the cell concentrations and the harvestable biomass were one order of magnitude higher in spring and summer than in winter. There was no difference between the biomass harvested after 2 and 3 days in winter and summer, whereas in spring it was higher after 3 days. The protein content was significantly lower in winter, and carbohydrates and lipids were higher in winter and spring. The number of cells and the amount of harvestable biomass of outdoor cultures of C. muelleri depend on the temperature prevailing in each season, which causes significant differences in growth rates and in biochemical composition.     

Growth and proximate composition of the Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus under different temperature, salinity and carbon dioxide levels

The marine diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans f. pumilus has been examined for its potential source as live feed in aquaculture. The present study investigated effects of temperature (20, 25 and 30 °C), salinity (25 and 35) and carbon dioxide addition (air+CO₂) on the growth and proximate composition of C. calcitrans under laboratory conditions. The growth and biomass of C. calcitrans were primarily affected by carbon dioxide addition, and to a lesser extent by temperature and salinity. In general, lipid and carbohydrate contents were higher at lower temperatures (20 and 25 °C), while the protein content was unaffected. Carbon dioxide addition increased protein, while lowering carbohydrates, but had no effect on lipid content. Carbohydrates were increased while lipids and protein decreased at the highest salinity (35±0.9). These results should be taken into consideration when evaluating the dietary value of this micro alga for aquaculture.     

Assessment of the performance of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae fed with fresh and preserved Pavlova lutheri concentrates

The Prymnesiophycea Pavlova lutheriwas produced using a traditional technique (batch mode in carboys) and by an innovative technique (semi-continuous mode in alveolarphotobioreactor). Two experimental feedingtrials were carried out with Pacific oyster(Crassostrea gigas) larvae with freshand preserved (4 °C and 1 °C)P. lutheri concentrates used inmonospecific and bispecific diets, incombination with fresh Chaetoceroscalcitrans forma pumilum. Nodifferences in terms of gross composition andlarval performance were noticed between thefresh algae biomass produced by the twotechniques. The low temperatures allowedpreservation of the nutritionalcharacteristics of the P. lutheri freshculture for the time period considered (27days). The P. lutheri concentratespreserved at 4 °C or 1 °C didnot differ substantially in terms ofnutritional value. Larvae fed a monospecificdiet of P. lutheri, both fresh andpreserved, exhibited a modest growth rate (<2.1 µm day^–1), in some cases notsignificantly different from that observed inthe unfed larvae (the control), and a lowsurvival rate. In contrast, when Chaetoceros calcitrans forma pumilumwas used as a monospecific diet, good growthperformance (>4.5 µm day^–1) and ahigh survival rate (>86%) were observed inlarvae. A substitution of 50% (trial 1) or80% (trial 2) of fresh C. calcitransforma pumilum with the preserved P. lutheri concentrates did not adverselyaffect growth rate or survival of C.gigas larvae.     

阳光紫外辐射对2种微藻的短期影响

为了阐明2种赤潮藻柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)对阳光紫外辐射(UVR, 280～400 nm)变化的响应,比较研究了它们在全波段阳光下和滤除UVR/UV-B条件下的有效光化学效率变化,同时探讨了室内无UVR的低光条件下其有效光化学效率的恢复。结果表明,阳光UVR抑制藻细胞的有效光化学效率,其抑制程度随着接受辐射处理时间的延长而增大,在10 min左右细胞内的修复与损伤速率达到平衡,抑制率不变,且阳光UVR对二种藻的抑制程度相差不大。转移到无UVR的弱光条件下,藻细胞的有效光化学效率得到恢复,但恢复过程中柔弱角毛藻恢复明显快于绿色巴夫藻,体现了不同藻细胞对阳光UVR响应的种间差异。     

7种试剂对3种饵料微藻絮凝效应的研究

[目的]探讨絮凝剂对牟氏角毛藻、微绿球藻、湛江等鞭金藻3种海洋饵料微藻的絮凝效应。[方法]采用5种无机试剂和2种有机试剂分别以6种不同的浓度处理藻液,连续4h跟踪测定藻细胞的沉淀情况。[结果]5种无机试剂对3种海洋饵料微藻均有一定的絮凝作用,而2种有机试剂的絮凝效果均不明显。硫酸锌和硫酸铝对牟氏角毛藻的絮凝效果明显;明矾、硫酸锌和聚合氯化铝对微绿球藻的絮凝效果明显;硫酸铝对湛江等鞭金藻的絮凝效果较明显。[结论]为生产性海洋饵料微藻的采收提供理论依据。     

盐度、温度和光照对广西沿海牟氏角毛藻生长的影响

[目的]结合广西防城港海区的水质和环境条件,探讨影响牟氏角毛藻生长的主要理化因子,筛选最佳理化参数,为规模化扩培生产提供技术数据.[方法]采用单因子变量方法研究盐度、温度、光照强度对牟氏角毛藻生长的影响,其中盐度设置0‰、5‰、10‰、20‰、30‰、35‰、40‰共7个梯度,温度设置25、28、31、34℃共4个梯度...     

长江口底泥浸出液和悬浮液对叶绿素a含量的影响

以微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)和牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)为受试生物,检验不同浓度的底泥浸出液和悬浮液对其叶绿素a含量的影响试验,探讨长江口底泥污染物析出对浮游植物生长的影响。研究结果表明,浓度低于或等于20%时,底泥浸出液对牟氏角毛藻和微绿球藻生长影响不显著;高于20%时,浓度越高,抑制作用越加明显。悬浮液抑制作用强于浸出液。浸出液对叶绿素a含量增长的抑制作用,在牟氏角毛藻试验的第4天开始显现,在微绿球藻试验和悬浮液试验中,第3天就开始显现。在较低浓度中,微绿球藻对污染物的反应更加灵敏,而牟氏角毛藻是适合较高浓度的受试物种。底泥重金属溶出是影响浮游植物生长的主要原因之一。     

杀鲑气单胞菌杀藻作用的初步研究

为了研究几丁质酶对硅藻杀灭作用,以杀鲑气单胞菌(Aeromonas salmonicida)和其几丁质酶敲除菌为研究对象对牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)进行共培养并探究其作用差异。结果表明:杀鲑气单胞菌野生株和缺失株分别与牟氏角毛藻共培养48 h后,野生株对牟氏角毛藻的杀藻率达到9.18%,而缺失株无明显杀藻活性;通过扫描电镜进一步发现野生株细菌能够裂解牟氏角毛藻的细胞壁,而缺失株不能。结果证实杀鲑气单胞菌因具有几丁质酶而对藻类具有杀灭作用。     

离心·冷藏对牟氏角毛藻再培养的影响

[目的]探索牟氏角毛藻经浓缩运输和冷藏保存后再作藻种和饵料的可行性效果。[方法]通过离心和低温冷藏2种方法处理牟氏角毛藻,然后再继续进行再培养,以此来延长牟氏角毛藻的储存时间并减小运输量。[结果]试验表明,经不同离心速度和不同离心时间处理后的角毛藻进行再培养,生长速率不同。在3000 r/min的转速下离心7 min的角毛藻再培养效果最好,最大生长率可达0.83,并且在此离心条件下的藻泥静置5 d之内再添加培养基进行培养仍生长良好。但是经4℃冷藏后的角毛藻常温下再培养效果不好。[结论]低温冷藏会影响藻细胞的正常生长,而且随着冷藏时间的延长,细胞再培养愈来愈困难。因此,建议科研及生产中不采用此种方法作为保种技术。     

Selectivity of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis fed mixtures of algal species with various cell volumes and cell densities

The ability for food selectivity of rotifer Brachionus plicatiliswas studied in the laboratory by feeding mixtures of microalgae with various cell volumes. Chlorella sp. (≈22 µm³) was the reference algal species, and Asteromonas gracilis, (Chlorophyta) (≈2150 µm³), Tetraselmis suesica (≈268 µm³), Dunaliella salina (≈52 µm³) and Chaetoceros sp. (≈150 µm³) the experimental species. Each was mixed with Chlorella and fed in three experiments. In the first experiment, filtration and ingestion rates of rotifers each fed with algae revealed that the highest values were measured with the mixture of Chlorella + Asteromonas, and the lowest for Chlorella + Chaetoceros. In the second and the third experiments, by using several combinations of algal densities with the mixture of Chlorella + Asteromonas, a selectivity ability of the rotifers for Asteromonas was found. A hypothesis is presented that accounts for the preference of rotifers for Asteromonas, which is suggested as a new candidate species for use in live food production of fish hatcheries.