Effects of Benzyl Adenine and Abscisic Acid on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Triticale and Wheat

Grain yield and yield components (grains per ear, grain weight, 1000-grain weight, ear weight, ear seed ratio and dry matter partitioning between ear and seed) were examined in a wheat genotype (PBW-343) with well-filled grains and a Triticale genotype (DT-46) with poorly filled grains (showing grain shrivelling) grown in pots. Six days after anthesis (DAA), benzyladenine (BA) @2 µg ear⁻¹ and abscisic acid (ABA) @4 µg ear⁻¹ were injected at the base of the mother shoot ear in both species. It was observed that, in both wheat and Triticale , BA increased the grain weight, grain number and partitioning of dry matter between ear and seed, whereas ABA decreased the grain weight, grain number and dry matter partitioning between ear and seed. However, these decreases were slower in Triticale than in wheat. BA treatment increased the grain dry matter accumulation, which in turn resulted in better filling of grains and increased the grain weight in both wheat and Triticale . The average grain weight of Triticale was lower than that of wheat. Thus, it appears that variation in grain weight between wheat and Triticale might be due to different availabilities of growth-promoting phytohormones such as cytokinins and assimilates.     

BA—Dot—ELISA检测牛结核血清抗体的研究

利用BA—Dot—ELISA检测72份结核变反阳性牛血清,阳性率为69.5％,比常规ELISA(44.4％)高。用该法检测布鲁氏菌病、粘膜病、传染性鼻气管炎、白血病病牛血清及堪萨斯分枝杆菌、偶发分枝杆菌高免牛血清均无交叉反应,但对50份副结核变反阳性牛血清出现了一定的交叉。该法重复性好,简便快速,结果判定不需特殊仪器。     

流行性出血热病毒气溶胶感染乳鼠的免疫病理学研究

采用免疫组化ＢＡ法，对流行性出血热病毒（ＥＨＦＶ）气溶胶感染乳鼠脏器组织中的病毒动态分布进行了观察，并对其抗体消长进行了测定。结果表明：①ＢＡ法为病理诊断ＥＨＦＶ感染提供了一种准确的手段；②ＥＨＦＶ可通过气溶胶途径感染乳小鼠，乳小鼠感染ＥＨＦＶ的ＬＤ５０值可作为环境浓度的参考值；③ＥＨＦＶ气溶胶途径感染乳鼠后，４ｈ即可在心、肺，１ｄ在嗅球部检出，并可在其组织细胞中增殖，经血循、嗅神经、单核巨噬细胞系统等多途径扩散，造成多组织脏器的泛发性感染。感染后１２～１４ｄ，病毒检出率和病毒量均达峰值。动物自身免疫系统对ＥＨＦＶ有一定的清除能力；④感染乳鼠脑、肺、肾等脏器组织的病变与人类感染ＥＨＦＶ的病变有一定的相似性，提示可作为人ＥＨＦＶ的模型动物；⑤抗原检出率高于抗体检出率，ＥＬＩＳＡ法检出率高于ＩＦＡ法检出率。     

Cryopreservation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) shoot tips by encapsulation-vitrification

Shoot tips excised from in vitro cultured plants of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (cv. Pallas, cv. Pink Candy and cv. Wanessa) were successfully cryopreserved using an encapsulation-vitrification method. Shoot tips (2–3 mm in length) were encapsulated in sodium alginate, precultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 M) for 24 h or 48 h and dehydrated with the vitrification solution PVS2 (up to 4 h) at 24 °C or 0 °C prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). A maximum of shoot regeneration from cryopreserved shoot tips was obtained with the following combinations: preculture in 0.5 M sucrose and 180 min dehydration treatment at 0 °C for cv. Pallas (60% shoot formation), or preculture in 0.75 M and 200 min dehydration at the same temperature for cv. Pink Candy (66.6% shoot formation) and cv. Wanessa (73% shoot formation).     

^3H—BA不同溶解法对脐橙果实吸收^3H—BA的影响

＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ分别采用普通热酒精溶解法,加ＰＴ３９助溶剂的改进溶解法配成＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ＋ＧＡ３,于“清家”脐橙第一次重量落果高峰前涂果,改进溶解法使脐橙幼果在２４小时吸收＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ达２２３８８ｄｐｍ,果内＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ浓度达０．８８×１０＾－６,而普通热酒精溶解法仅分别为１２８９０ｄｍｐ和０．４５×１０＾－６,无论采用哪种方法溶解＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ脐橙幼果对＾３Ｈ－ＢＡ的吸收速度都是果后２４小时内最快,此后     

Efficient plant regeneration via organogenesis in “Egusi” melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.)

Plant regeneration protocol of “Egusi” melon (Colocynthis citrullus L.) was established using three local (“Ejagham”, “Sewere” and “Barablackedge”) and one improved (NHC1-130) cultivars. Cotyledonary explants of different lengths (1/2, 1/4 and 1/6) excised from 4- or 8-day-old seedlings germinated in vitro were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). The best results were obtained when cotyledons from 4-day-old seedlings were cut into 2 (1/2) halves. Plant regeneration was optimal on medium containing 5 mg/l BA, yielding 86.3%, 77.0% and 76.3% shoot induction frequencies amongst the three local cultivars of “Ejagham”, “Sewere” and “Barablackedge”, respectively. In NHC1-130, the highest shoot induction frequency (85%) was obtained on medium containing 2 mg/l BA. Adventitious shoots were elongated on medium containing 0.1 mg/l BA and successfully rooted on hormone-free MS medium. Flow cytometric analysis revealed 70% of the plants to be diploid.     

6BA和NAA对朱顶红组织培养的影响

以朱顶红品种为试材,在组织培养过程中,以鳞茎为外植体,研究6BA和NAA的不同浓度对其直接诱导再生植株的影响。结果表明:M S 1 m g/L的6BA 2 m g/L的NAA是直接诱导鳞茎再生植株的最好组合,而LS 2 m g/L的6BA 0.5 m g/LNAA是直接诱导鳞茎再生植株的理想培养基。     

6-BA对小麦开花期渍害的缓减效应

为了解6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)对小麦开花期渍害的减缓效应,在大田条件下,于2012-2013和2013-2014年度,以郑麦9023为材料,研究了开花期喷施BA对小麦光合、干物积累及产量的影响。结果表明,开花期渍水使小麦两年分别减产51.4%和52.3%,减产的主要原因是千粒重和穗粒数降低,尤其是千粒重的下降,而穗粒数的减少主要归因于弱势粒的减少(两年分别减少21.4%和71.4%)。渍水前喷施6-BA处理比渍水处理显著增产,两年分别增产7.8%和31.6%,增产的主要原因是提高了千粒重和穗粒数。渍水前喷施6-BA可提高旗叶光合速率及SPAD值、干物质积累总量及收获指数,缓减旗叶及倒三叶衰老。说明渍水前喷施6-BA可通过促进小麦光合作用和干物质积累及其向籽粒的分配,减缓渍水对产量形成的不利影响。     

基于农药毒力计算的6个统计分析软件比较

选用了能够用于农药毒力数据机率值分析的通用软件(SAS、SPSS和DPS)和专门程序(Polo、BA和EPA机率值分析程序),以二化螟对三唑磷的室内毒力数据为例,比较分析不同统计分析软件的计算结果。结果表明,当对照组死亡率为0时,6个软件程序计算得到的LD值(LD5、LD50和LD95)、截距和斜率等基本相等,但是LD值的95%置信限有差异。当对照组死亡率不为0时,发现6个程序计算得到的毒力资料数值都有差异,其中LD(LD5、LD50和LD95)、截距和斜率的数值相差较小,但是LD值的95%置信限差异较大。     

Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.