Evaluation of Dynamic Structural Disorders in the Upper Airways and Applied Rein Tension in Healthy Dressage Horses During Riding in Different Gaits and Head–Neck Positions

Flexion of the horse’s head and neck during dressage riding reduces the pharyngeal lumen with the risk of increased upper airway resistance and upper airway obstructions. According to the Fédération Equestre Internationale, hyperflexion is achieved through force, whereas the position low–deep–round is nonforced. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) applied rein tension and (2) dynamic structural disorders in the upper airways in dressage horses in different gaits and different head–neck positions (HNPs). Overground endoscopy (OGE) and rein tension were evaluated in 13 clinically healthy and high-performance Warmblood dressage horses while being ridden in a standardized program comprised of four different gaits (halt, walk, trot, and canter) and in four HNPs (unrestrained, competition frame, hyperflexion, and low–deep–round). All included horses were able to achieve the desired HNPs. The HNP low–deep–round showed significantly lower rein tension than competition frame (P < .001) and hyperflexion (P < .001). An association was found between dynamic structural disorders in the upper airway tract evaluated by OGE and head–neck flexion, but this association was not linked to the degree of flexion. The HNP hyperflexion was neither associated with greater rein tension nor severe dynamic structural disorders than the HNP competition frame. This study confirms that low–deep–round is a nonforced position, in contrast to hyperflexion. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether dynamic structural disorders are a result of flexion or if the degree of flexion has an impact.     

某引水隧洞围岩变形探讨

某引水隧洞主要采用双护盾式TBM施工。在穿越高埋深的区域性断裂带时,采用绕行导坑人工钻爆法施工。本文对采用绕行导坑的围岩变形情况进行分析,指出在隧洞开挖过程中围岩变形的时间效应,为修改设计与指导施工提供理论依据。     

Downstream drift of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and tubenose goby (Proterorhinus semilunaris) in their non‐native area

Several Ponto‐Caspian gobiid species have recently expanded their ranges in Europe and North America. This is the first study to demonstrate passive downstream dispersal (drift) of the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and tubenose goby (Proterorhinus semilunaris) in newly colonised areas (River Dyje, Danube basin), a factor that could play an important role in their dispersal. Drift duration (i.e. number of dates on which the species was caught) in round goby was longer than that of both native species and tubenose goby, providing a possible advantage. Size of drifting fish was restricted to a narrow range of 6–8 mm and 5–8 mm for round and tubenose goby, respectively. Drift in both species occurred almost completely during hours of darkness (<1 lux) and fish size did not vary throughout the night. In both species, drift density increased significantly during the first hour after dusk. Round goby density gradually decreased up to dawn, while tubenose goby density varied throughout the night with no clear pattern. Drift of early life stages appears to be an important phenomenon that has not received adequate attention in studies of round and tubenose goby ecology and dispersal.     

成套小样园作为典型众数抽样调查单元的方法

本文介绍了用成套小样园作为典型众数抽样调查单元的方法测定两个不同林分小班的蓄积，并与用点抽样和不同形状样地的系统抽样结果相比较，表明用成套小样园作为典型众数抽样调查单元的方法能满足９０％以上的精度，而且工效很高；作者也探讨了使用此法的条件．     

圆竹片床垫半成品生产工艺探讨

针对圆竹片床垫半成品现生产工艺流程中存在问题,提出改进方案,以使生产工艺日臻完善,达到提高经济效益和社会效益的目的。     

用剩余产量模型专家系统(CLIMPROD)评估东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量

根据统计资料，利用剩余产量模型专家系统（CLIMPROD）对东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量（MSY）作了评估分析。结果表明：东海鲐鲹鱼类合计分析时的MSY在34．5~44．2万吨之间，接种类分别评估时，鲐鱼的MSY为16．1万吨，蓝圆鲹为22．2万吨；按区域分析时，鲐鲹鱼东海北部群的MSY为12．5~13．2万吨，福建沿海群为20．1万吨。     

中国水仙周年开花研究(简报)

中国水仙（ＮａｒｃｉｓｓｉｔａｚｅｔｔａＬ．ｖａｒ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＲｏｅｍ）是驰名中外的传统出口花卉．但水仙栽培周期长，种植３年才能提供商品花球；供花期短，一般集中在春节前后几周．其生长发育喜欢阴凉潮湿环境，不能在夏季炎热的气候条件下生长与开花．水仙开花期短，不适应现代花卉市场的要求，因而制约了水仙花生产的发展．作者于１９８９～１９９５年经过６年试验，对水仙的生长发育及其促成栽培技术进行系统研究，改进种植制度，革新栽培技术，探讨缩短水仙花球生长发育周期；深入系统研究水仙花芽分化的生理生化机制…     

捆草机电气控制系统的设计研究——基于MCGS与单片机技术

以呼伦贝尔市蒙拓农机科技股份有限公司生产的9YG-1.3型圆草捆打捆机为样机,针对其控制部分存在自动化程度低、草捆边缘布网太松、操作繁琐及需人工手动计数等问题,运用昆仑通态MCGS编程软件和Keil u Vision4软件,设计了一款以单片机系统为控制核心,以MCGS触摸屏为人机界面,配备各种相应传感器和控制输出硬件的自动控制系统。该系统通过人机监控界面,实现了对捆草机运行状况的实时监控。试验结果表明:本控制系统有效地解决了捆草机的灵活布网问题与计数问题,并可以实时进行停车、开仓门、关仓门与报警声亮提示,提高了捆草机的工作效率和自动化水平。     

Seasonal abundance,diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams

Pennuto CM, Krakowiak PJ, Janik CE. Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 206–215. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a benthic invertivore that has become established in many lake and river systems of Europe and the United States, especially within the Great Lakes basin. Multiple reports document its negative impact on benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes in lakes and recent studies show fish and invertebrate communities in streams are equally at risk. We assessed the seasonal abundance of round gobies and their summer diet composition in tributary streams to Lake Erie. Populations of round gobies in the lower reaches of two tributary streams peaked in abundance in early fall, were absent in late winter, and reappeared in early spring, suggesting a possible out‐migration to the lake in winter. Population size distributions show a peak recruitment of young round gobies in July and low‐level recruitment through October. In this study, round gobies obtained most of their energy from amphipods, chironomids, and caddisflies compared to other invertebrates, and midges were consumed in greater proportion than their availability suggesting a preference for these prey. As the stream lacked molluscs, large round gobies remained generalist invertivores without a diet shift to molluscivory as has been reported in lake studies. The observations on recruitment and abundance, and possible out‐migration suggest the lower reaches of tributary streams may act as source populations for lake‐bound round gobies. It may be possible to take advantage of this out‐migration behaviour as a control strategy to capture large numbers of round gobies each winter.     

旋转式农机土槽试验台运行平稳性控制方法及试验验证

为了解决旋转式土槽试验台的槽体和槽内土壤质量较大带来速度不容易控制和调节的问题,建立轮胎摩擦驱动的旋转式土槽试验台的数学模型。根据旋转式土槽交流伺服驱动器的特点设计了模糊控制器,对模糊控制进行优化并进行MATLAB仿真、对比。当交流伺服驱动器初始输入转速为300 r/min时,优化前后土槽在模糊控制策略下输出转速最终都稳定在3 r/min;优化后模糊控制下的土槽输出转速超调量小,最大转速为3.4 r/min,比优化前的3.7减小0.3 r/min,土槽输出转速稳定在3 r/min的时间由优化前的9.0减少到8.0 s,后期无振荡。试验结果表明:当旋转式土槽交流伺服驱动器输入转速320 r/min时,土槽运行稳定性误差由模糊控制的0.034降低到优化模糊控制的0.029,土槽从启动到进入稳定运行的时间由10.1缩短到7.9 s。该研究可提升后续利用该种试验台进行移栽和播种等农业机械试验的精度。