热带果蔬采后冷害研究进展

果蔬采后冷害机制及其防控是当前采后研究领域中倍受关注的科技问题。果蔬冷害发生是由内在因子和外部环境因素共同作用的结果。近年来,随着现代分子生物学技术的应用,并借鉴模式植物拟南芥的研究成果,果蔬采后冷害发生调控机理及防控技术研究取得一系列进展。本文综述了热带果蔬采后冷害发生的生理与分子机制和冷害防控技术的最新研究成果,关注能量代谢调控果蔬采后冷害作用,重点介绍了生物技术在防控果蔬冷害上的应用,并对今后研究方向作了展望。     

三轴车辆全轮转向操纵稳定性仿真分析

建立并分析了某三轴车辆全轮转向二自由度模型及其运动微分方程,分析了整车在质心零侧偏角比例控制策略下的转向中心位置以及2、3轴转角比例系数与车速的关系,分析了整车的稳态横摆角速度增益。建立了三轴车动力学仿真模型,结合控制策略对比仿真了2WS车和6WS车在不同车速下的瞬态响应。分析结果表明,采用质心零侧偏角比例控制策略有利于提高三轴车低速转向时的机动性和高速转向时的操纵稳定性。     

Basic handling characteristics of wood fuels: Angle of repose,friction against surfaces and tendency to bridge for different assortments

Basic handling characteristics were measured for sawdust, fuel pellets, fuel chips, hog fuel and chunkwood. The aim was to find relations between the basic handling characteristics and easily measurable fuel properties to facilitate the design of feeding systems in heating plants. The angle of repose was 25–55° and increased with the increasing ratio of particle length to thickness and with the increasing content of hooked or long particles. The angle of static friction, 10–40°, was affected more by the kind of surface than the fuel and followed the ascending order: coated plywood, urethane rubber, particle board, stainless steel, concrete and rubber belt conveyor. The tendency to bridge varied considerably and increased with greater content of hooked or long particles, a deeper fuel bed depth over the opening and a higher moisture content. The results indicate that more attention should be paid to the particle shape.     

采后操作对荔枝果实品质、失水与呼吸的影响

探讨了98℃热水处理、熏硫及结合酸浸等技术、包装方式与贮藏条件对‘黑叶’荔枝果实品质、失重与呼吸作用的影响。结果表明：热浸、熏硫结合酸浸处理可提高果皮酸度,对果肉可溶性固形物含量与酸度无影响;无包装自然放置与有孔或无孔塑料盒包装相比,无孔塑料盒包装的果实失重显著减缓;贮藏于4℃的热处理果实与对照果实有相似的失重曲线;无论包装方式与贮藏环境的温湿度如何,果实均不存在呼吸高峰;呼吸速率在贮藏初期随着果实失重的增加而下降,后期变化趋于平稳。     

油罐汽车事故分析

油罐汽车装卸油品及运输途中，事故时有发生，列举了四个典型故事宁例，并分别对其进行分析。工作人员的疏忽或误操作以及设备故障造成冒油泄漏静电放电，是导致事故发生的主要原因：“转换装油”造成的事故也应当引起足够的重视，总结指出必须使用符合技术规范和安全要求的设备，提高操作人员的安全意识，加强安全知识的学习，提高作业水平，从而杜绝油罐汽车重大事故的发生。     

Visual FoxPro中错误处理技术

论述了Visual FoxPro程序设计过程中经常出现的错误,分析问题产生的原因并给出相应的解决办法.     

A review of the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on nursery stock quality and performance

This paper presents the experimental evidence on the effects of desiccation, low and high temperatures, rough handling, root loss and storage between lifting and planting on plant quality and performance. The review concentrates on the impact of these stresses on outplanting performance; their effect on seedling properties, such as root growth potential and root electrolyte leakage, is also described. Stresses most often happen in combination but there is relatively little information on their interactions. Examples of desiccation plus rough handling, cold storage plus desiccation, frost damage plus freeze storage and the triple stress of desiccation, heating and rough handling are presented. The limited evidence on the cumulative effect of stresses suggests tentatively that damage from rough handling does not accumulate in the same way as damage from desiccation and prolonged storage. Factors affecting stress resistance are briefly reviewed.There are three impediments to producing a critical review of the literature: experimental treatments, particularly of desiccation and rough handling, can rarely be directly compared; the impact of stress treatments can be modified by a large number of factors, and the levels of stress have seldom been quantified in normal forestry practice. The first two problems also make it difficult to formulate general statements concerning critical thresholds for the stresses. However, instruments are now available for measuring and monitoring stresses between lifting and planting and it is, in theory, possible to model the effects of these stresses to take account of the many factors that modify their impact on seedling survival and growth. This offers the possibility of significant improvements in our ability to predict the effect of stresses between lifting and planting on seedling performance.     

开放科学创新生态构建中的数据处理伦理准则框架研究

[目的/意义]开放科学发展仍面临着诸多数据伦理难题,亟需探究与开放科学创新生态相适应的数据处理伦理准则。建立与开放科学创新生态构建相匹配的数据处理伦理准则,指导开放科学创新生态中的参与主体在数据创造、共享、传播、利用过程中按照法律规定和伦理规范开展行动,约束数据处理行为向好向善、造福社会,对于营造良好开放科学创新生态至关重要。[方法/过程]本研究首先运用文献调研、内容分析法,立足数据处理伦理的相关法律、指南、框架草案、政策以及典型数据管理模型,从普适的角度出发,立足数据获取、存储、管理、使用和销毁的实践,面向广义的社会性数据,同时兼顾一部分科研数据,关联整合不同的准则内容,寻求现有准则间的共有主题和内容,归纳数据处理伦理准则的一般维度和认可度较高的准则内容。其次,本研究结合开放科学理念和国家社会发展需要,从国内最新规划政策与开放科学内涵中,提炼出开放科学创新生态环境下的数据处理伦理准则需求。最后,本研究通过矩阵分析综合比较两项结果,从共性和特性、准则内容与政策及理念协同等角度,分析得出开放科学创新生态构建中的数据处理伦理准则框架。[结果/结论]现有的数据处理伦理准则在开放科学创新生态中具有较高的适用性,但仍需动态拓展。本研究结合开放科学理念和国家社会发展需要,提出开放科学创新生态数据处理伦理准则框架,包括长治久安、协调有序和系统科学3个维度和15个要素,旨在服务于适应中国开放科学创新生态发展的数据处理伦理准则文本的进一步制定,并为机构的数据管理提供一定参考。     

稻壳发电残余物稻壳灰对有机物的吸附作用

为解决稻壳发电残余物——稻壳灰的利用问题,该文研究了稻壳灰在不同条件下对有机污染物的吸附作用。结果表明,稻壳灰在经过碱洗处理后,其对有机污染物的吸附性能明显提高。当溶液pH值小于7.0时,稻壳灰对有机污染物的吸附效果要好于pH值大于7.0时的吸附效果。该研究表明,稻壳灰经过碱洗处理后,可以用作吸附剂,吸附污水中的有机污染物,实现废物的再次利用。