同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应模型筛选

为了筛选出最适合黑皮冬瓜Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.的光合光响应模型,为其育种提供理论依据,以同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜为试验材料,对8种经典的光合光响应模型适用性进行了比较分析。结果表明：二次多项式能够表现出光抑制情况,但在拟合过程中出现暗呼吸速率为正值、光补偿点为负值及无法解释当光强达到饱和后光合速率快速下降的问题;直角双曲线、非直角双曲线及指数函数Ⅰ、指数函数Ⅱ无法直接求取光饱和点、光补偿点,结合常用的光饱和点的计算方法得到的光饱和点与实测值均存在较大的偏差,且指数函数Ⅱ在计算光饱和点时表现出明显的人为性,也无法拟合光抑制情况,但4种模型拟合得到的光补偿点均与实测值相差不大;指数修正模型因系数β为负值,无法求取四倍体黑皮冬瓜材料的光饱和点和最大净光合速率,且拟合得到的四倍体黑皮冬瓜的光补偿点明显低于实测值;直角双曲线修正模型计算得到的暗呼吸速率及二倍体黑皮冬瓜的光饱和点明显低于实测值,但获得的四倍体及其二倍体的最大净光合速率与实测值最接近,说明其在拟合最大净光合速率上有优势;整体上分段函数计算得到的黑皮冬瓜的各光合参数与实测值最为接近,与实测值的平均相对误差最小,也能很好的拟合发生光抑制部分的光响应曲线。分段函数拟合同源四倍体及其原二倍体黑皮冬瓜光合光响应曲线效果较其他模型效果好,分段函数模型为黑皮冬瓜最适合的光合光响应模型。     

葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的离体培养

为了克服葡萄二倍体品种与四倍体品种之间的交配障碍,进行了杂交胚珠的离体培养研究。发芽胚珠的取样时期集中于授粉后35～75d,其中多数以二倍体作母本的组合在授粉后55d取样的发芽率最高,以四倍体作母本的组合授粉后70d取样的发芽率最高。基本培养模式为:发育培养基-(剥胚)萌发培养基-生长培养基。用二倍体品种作母本时,所有组合均获得了培养苗,在1号培养基上培养的胚珠发芽率高于2号培养基。反交对培养基的要求有相反趋势,其中2个组合未得到培养苗。授粉后60d,直接剥出杂种胚进行培养,得到了最高发芽率。综合分析初步认为,用二倍体品种作母本比用四倍体品种作母本容易获得杂交后代。     

刺槐抗旱造林技术的研究

在不同类型区及不同立地条件下，研究了提高剌槐成活率和生长量的抗旱造林技术。结果表明，采用径流集存、吸水剂蘸根、覆膜覆草及幼林地少量施肥技术，均可显著提高剌槐造林成率与生长量，提高幅度为２．０％－８．９％和１４．５％－８７．５％。采用混草技术可增收可观的优质牧草，经济效益和生态效益显著。     

Estimating Combining Ability of 4x-2x Crosses in Cultivated Potatoes

Progenies derived from crosses between Solarium tuberosum and 2n pollen-Producing diploid hybrids, exhibit obvious hybrid vigor. The 2n pollen-producing clone can act as a bridge in crossing S. tuberosum and S. andigena with S. phureja. Populations from 4x-2x crosses show more unifomity and less segregation compared with that of 4x-4x crosses. The parent-offspring correlation for the traits, starch content and tuber number, is significant at 0.01 level. The regrssion equations are Y (mp-F1)=1.0 1.2x and Y (mp - F1) = 5.3 0.8x, respectively. The 2n pollen-producing clones play an impotant role in increasing tuber stach content. Estimates of the combining ability for the main yield components indicate that additive effect prodominatcs for such trais as plot yield, tuber weight per plant and starch content, whereas both additive and non-additive effects lay equal stress on mean tuber weight and non-additive effect is important for tuber number. In general, non-additive effect appears to be important in     

刺槐无性系种子园老龄母树截干矮化试验

利用刺槐萌蘖力强的特性,对刺槐无性系种子园老龄化后的树体进行截干试验,促使其萌蘖形成新的树冠,并进行整形修剪,结果表明:老龄母树截干矮化,效果良好,达到预期目标。解决了原母树树体高大釆种困难的问题,为提高刺槐种子园老龄化后种子产量和质量进行了有益的探索。     

黄土残塬沟壑区不同林龄与坡向人工刺槐林生态系统服务协同关系

[目的] 通过权衡关系的研究探索不同林龄与坡向人工刺槐林多项生态系统服务间的差异及动态变化关系，为黄土残塬沟壑区人工刺槐林的经营管理提供理论依据。[方法] 按照不同林龄阶段和坡向共设置36个样地，对所选林分的涵养水源、土壤碳储量、土壤氮储量、年均生产力、生物多样性5个方面的生态系统服务进行测算，利用均方根偏差（RMSD）对该区人工刺槐林生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系进行研究，对生态系统服务与林分因子进行冗余分析。[结果] ①不同林龄、坡向人工刺槐林的生态系统服务差异显著（p<0.05）；随林龄增加，涵养水源量和年均生产力从幼龄林到中龄林增加达到最大值，随后逐渐减小；而生物多样性则呈先增后减趋势，在成熟林时期最高；土壤碳、氮储量随林龄增加呈逐渐增加趋势；阴坡的各生态系统服务价值均高于阳坡。②林龄是引起生态系统服务权衡关系变化的主导因子（p<0.05），坡向对生态系统服务权衡关系的影响不显著（p > 0.05），土壤碳固存与土壤氮固存呈协同关系，涵养水源与其他生态系统服务的权衡关系相比程度较高。③人工刺槐林5项生态系统服务与盖度、郁闭度、凋落物厚度呈现不同程度的正相关，与坡度呈现不同程度的负相关。[结论] 人工刺槐林生态系统服务在中龄林和过熟林时期权衡度高，不利于整体生态系统服务效益的发挥。应在中龄林时期引入耐旱灌木或乡土草本，在过熟林经营过程中，在满足涵养水源的前提下，合理控制林分密度，促进其他生态系统服务的作用，提高整体效益。     

提高二倍体马铃薯原始栽培种原生质体分离与分裂频率的研究

为获得较高的原生质体分离和分裂频率,试验以马铃薯二倍体原始栽培种‘47-33’‘5-19’试管苗叶片为材料,进行了原生质体游离和培养的研究.结果表明:培养21d的两品系试管苗叶片均在含有2.0%纤维素酶+0.5%果胶酶+0.25%离析酶,渗透压为0.35mol/L的酶解液中解离效果最好,原生质体产量分别为2.31×106个/gFW和2.52×106个/gFW;在28℃酶解温度条件下缓慢摇动14h或1h静置+13h缓慢摇动的,可促进叶片原生质体的大量释放.此外,1.0mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.4mg/L BAP外源激素组合有利于叶片原生质体的分裂,‘47-33’‘5-19’原生质体一次分裂频率分别达到8.85%和12.56%.在0.35mol/L渗透压的液体培养基中,‘47-33’叶片原生质体分裂更早,分裂频率达13.85%.研究获得了稳定的原生质体分离体系以及较好的原生质体培养条件,为马铃薯二倍体原始栽培种的体细胞融合奠定了基础.     

Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption

Classical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe.     

不同倍性鸭茅同功酶比较研究

采用生化遗传学的方法,对我国亚热带地区几个二倍体和四倍体野生鸭茅不同生育期的酯酶,过氧化物酶同功酶进行了比较研究。结果表明,鸭茅二倍体各品系之间,四倍体各品种（系）之间的同源性较高,遗传差异较小,二倍体与四倍体之间,酯酶,过氧经物酶同功酶等都有较大差异。     

辽宁省刺槐人工林立地质量评价的研究

选择Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ生长函数Ｈ＝ａ（１－ｅ－ｂＡ）ｃ作为辽宁省刺槐优势高生长模型．用差分法展开导向曲线编制了单形立地指数表；应用分组整理后解析木资料，拟合出最优多形立地指数模型，编制了多形立地指数表．在综合分析影响刺槐生长发育的环境因子基础上，选择了７个立地因子，运用数量化理论Ⅰ方法，建立与立地指数的回归模型，经减少项目法筛选出包含５个因子的立地指数最佳预估方程，编制了数量立地指数得分表．