湟源县草地资源基本特点及开发利用

湟源县草地面积有 85 1 85 .1 3hm2 ,占全县土地总面积的 5 6.45 % ,草地资源丰富 ,牧草种类较多 ,农业生产秸秆来源广泛 ,但由于利用不当 ,造成了草地严重破坏和秸秆的浪费 ,如何合理利用草地和秸秆资源 ,扼制草地退化 ,是促进该县畜牧业发展的重要因素     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF DIFFUSE HEPATOCELLULAR DISORDERS IN DAIRY CATTLE

Ultrasonography of the liver was performed in 200 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle using a 3.5 MHz transducer with a linear array electronic scanner. Liver samples were taken, processed and examined microscopically and the fat occupying rate was calculated. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated according to the presence of bright pattern, dark pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges. Of the 200 animals, 96 had a normal liver, 63 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, 37 had fatty infiltration of the liver, 3 had liver dystrophy and I had hepatic amyloidosis, diagnosed through histopathological examination. Amyloidosis was characterized by bright pattern and blurring of edges. Liver dystrophy had higher percentages of bright pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Hydropic degeneration had higher percentages of dark pattern and blurring of edges than normal liver. Fatty infiltration had higher percentages of bright pattern, deep attenuation, vascular blurring and blurring of edges than normal liver. The present results suggest that different ultrasonographic patterns can be observed in various diffuse hepatocellular disorders in dairy cattle     

植物化学生态学中的克生作用在草业上的表现

为了解植物生化他感作用在草业（田间杂草）中的作用，１９８６－１９８８年通过查阅资料并对我国大部分牧区和农区实地考察，证明，在植间广泛存在着因植物次生代谢产物对微生态环境的改变所引起的植物种内和种间生长发育相互促进和抑制的生化他感作用，其中植物间的克生作用（抑制作用）表现的较为明显，而这种作用与草原退化和农田杂草的蔓延有着密切关系。     

菌种世代栽培效果的研究

研究结果表明，无论是香菇生料菌砖栽培，还是金针菇熟料袋栽，菌种世代的多少对产量均无明显的影响，这可能是由于菌种通过无性繁殖，遗传性变异甚小之故；研究结果还表明，金针菇菌丝生长的速度似乎有随着菌种工代的增多而加快的趋势，这窨是由于低代菌种自琼脂培养基移接天以杂本屑，棉籽壳等为主要原料的粗质培养基上的时间较短，适应酶的活性较弱，分解，利用高分子化合物的能力较差，故菌丝生长速度较为缓慢？还是由于其他原因     

塔里木河流域生态环境恶化的水文效应

塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河。 4条源流出山口多年平均天然径流量 2 2 4 .9× 10 8m3 (195 7～ 2 0 0 1年 )。在全球变暖的大背景下 ,塔里木河流域山区气候出现变暖增湿的趋势 ,2 0世纪 90年代径流量达 2 4 1.9× 10 8m3 ,增幅 7.6 %。由于源流区人类开发利用水资源的影响 ,使得补给塔里木河干流的水量不断减少 ,水文条件改变 ,造成干流上、中游段耗水严重 ,导致下游生态与环境急剧退化。自 2 0 0 0年以来 ,实施的从开都河—博斯腾湖向下游绿色走廊应急输水 ,已使下游生态环境开始恢复生机。     

丘陵岗地人工防护林退化成因分析

以桃江县人工防护林为研究对象,分析了导致林地退化的主要原因,包括管护措施不到位、造林技术缺陷、自然灾害侵害、生理老化、环境污染等。针对退化原因,提出了相应的改造措施。     

福建省葡萄病毒病的调查和研究

１９９０～１９９２年作者对福建省葡萄产区进行了抽样调查，发现该省约３１％的果园有葡萄扇叶病（ＧＦＬＶ）和葡萄卷叶病（ＧＬＲＶ）。在调查的１１３００株葡萄中（６０２亩），ＧＦＬＤ株发病率为１３．２７％，造成葡萄减产２７．２％；ＧＬＲＶ株发病率为７．３％，减产２１．５％。病株表现为不同程度的种性退化，生长赢弱、停滞，果实品质下降，果粒成熟不齐。     

Necrosis of hippocampus and piriform lobe in 38 domestic cats with seizures: a retrospective study on clinical and pathologic findings

The clinical records of 38 cats (1985-1995) with a neuropathologically confirmed diagnosis of necrosis of the hippocampus and occasionally the lobus piriformis were evaluated retrospectively. There was no sex or breed predisposition. Most cats were between 1 and 6 years of age (mean age 35 months) and had either generalized or complex-partial seizures of acute onset and rapid progression. The seizures had a tendency to become recurrent and to present as clusters or even status epilepticus later in the course of the disease. Fourteen cats died spontaneously, and 24 were euthanized. Histopathologic examination revealed bilateral lesions restricted to the hippocampus and occasionally the lobus piriformis. The lesions seemed to reflect different stages of the disease and consisted of acute neuronal degeneration to complete malacia, affecting mainly the layer of the large pyramidal cells but sometimes also the neurons of the dentate gyrus and the piriform lobe. The clinical, neuropathologic, and epidemiologic findings suggest that the seizures in these cats were triggered by primary structural brain damage, perhaps resulting from excitotoxicity. The cause remains unknown, but epidemiologic analysis suggests an environmental factor, probably a toxin.     

新疆牧区超载过牧对草地退化的影响分析

新疆草地退化现象严重，已成为制约草原畜牧业发展的主要障碍。通过建立一套草原退化影响因素评价指标体系，运用灰色相关分析方法，得出草地退化的最主要因素是草地放牧率，牧民的超载放牧行为是导致草原生态环境恶化的主要原因，为制定保护草地政策提供一定的现实依据。     

Relationship between Dry Weight at Heading and the Number ofSpikelets on Individual Rice Tillers

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to identify the growth parameters involved in determining the number of spikelets on an individual tiller (ST) and to elucidate how ST is determined in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We examined the correlation of ST with the dry weight (DWT), leaf area (LAT), and the amount of nitrogen (NT) at heading for individual tillers grown under different conditions that were expected to affect spikelet production. In 1999, the japonica rice cultivars “Mineasahi” (short-duration), “Hinohikari” (intermediate-duration), and “Akebono” (long-duration) were transplanted in a paddy field on two different dates (EARLY and LATE). In 2000, Hinohikari was grown under three different treatments (gibberellic acid application, nitrogen topdressing, and thinning of hills at panicle initiation) and without treatment (control). Covariance and partial correlation analyses indicated that ST was positively and essentially correlated with DWT rather than with LAT and NT. The regression of ST on DWT was stable within each cultivar regardless of the treatment, year, tiller order, and number of differentiated spikelets. The slope of the regression was the steepest in the short-duration cultivar. These results suggest that the steep slope is desirable for high-yielding cultivars with large panicles. We conclude that ST is mostly determined by dry matter production of an individual tiller regardless of the number of differentiated spikelets. We present a diagram showing the relationship between dry matter production and the number of differentiated, surviving, and degenerated spikelets on an individual tiller.