不同温度下转换寄主对桃蚜生态学特征的影响

在5种温度、4组寄主与蚜源组合处理条件下研究了温度对转换寄主后的桃蚜的影响。同一寄主间移植的桃蚜在有效积温、发育起点温度、生殖率、死亡率、寿命以及抗逆性上与不同寄主间移植的桃蚜有明显的差异;寄主对桃蚜生物学、生态学特征有明显的影响,表明长期生活在一种寄主上的桃蚜获得了一定的专化性。若将其移植到另一种寄主上,则会表现出种种不适反应,但这种反应还未进化至型或寄主生殖隔离。     

广西县级林地变更调查试点技术方法

为探索广西县级林地年度变更调查技术方法,以鹿寨县为例,运用遥感自动检测技术、森林资源管理信息平台等,对地类及管理属性变化图斑进行变更,形成本期林地数据库和林地变化数据库。文章分析了林地变更调查的关键技术方法,指出了存在的问题,并提出相应的建议。     

青刺果种粕粉对鸡免疫器官中免疫细胞动态变化的影响

研究青刺果种粕粉对鸡免疫器官及其免疫细胞动态变化的影响。将7日龄鸡分成实验组和对照组,每组设3个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组的饲粮中分别添加10g/kg、15g/kg青刺果种粕粉,饲喂30d。第14、21、28日龄时分别取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏制作切片。测定免疫器官中T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞数量。实验结果表明,试验组在初期14、21日龄的脾脏、14日龄的法氏囊和28日龄的胸腺中的T淋巴细胞数量较对照组均升高显著(P<0.05或P<0.01);而试验组在后期21、28日龄的法氏囊、14日龄的脾脏和28日龄的胸腺中的巨噬细胞较对照组也同样升高显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果提示,青刺果种粕粉能提高鸡的免疫力。     

源库改变对小麦籽粒蛋白质,淀粉含量及产量的影响

利用蛋白质含量及产量各不相同3个春小麦品种．研究了源库改变对淀粉、蛋白质沉术；及单侏产量的影响．结果表明：源库改变明显地影响着籽粒蛋白质的含量，而对淀粉、可溶性糖含量影响不大；品种间蛋白质含量对源库变化的反应不同；千粒重的增减也因品种而异；淀粉的沉积主要受库的限制，而源库都影响着蛋白含量；旗叶在产量和蛋白形成中起着同样重要作用。     

Waterfowl-habitat associations during winter in an urban North Atlantic estuary

Coastal habitats near urban centres in North Atlantic estuaries often support substantial numbers of wintering waterfowl, but little is known of the effects of landscape setting and urbanisation on habitat use. We conducted surveys of waterfowl at 32 wintering sites in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, to identify characteristics that may influence habitat use. Sites were chosen along a gradient of urbanisation and reflected the dominant habitat types used by waterfowl in the Bay. Mean waterfowl abundance was 206.7 ± 209.5 birds per site, and sites in the inner part of the estuary had higher overall waterfowl abundances (r² = 0.40, p = 0.021). Species richness ranged from 3.2 to 13.0 and decreased with increasing hunting activity (r² = 0.36, p = 0.040). Hunting activity and habitat characteristics (e.g., latitude, shoreline configuration, prey density) explained 13-27% of the variation in waterfowl abundance and species richness among sites, but landscape characteristics (e.g., surrounding residential development, vegetated land, or wetland surrounding the sites and the extent of wetland edge) explained an additional 1-26%. The landscape characteristics extent of adjacent residential development and vegetated upland were the most common variables entering into the models; most species were more abundant at sites with more adjacent vegetated upland and less adjacent residential development. Our results suggest that landscape setting may be influencing the distribution of wintering waterfowl, and should be considered when developing strategies for the conservation for these species in urban North Atlantic estuaries.     

林权流转的法律属性分析

对林权流转的法律属性进行了分析,认为林权流转的法律属性实质上是林业物权的变动而非森林资源的交易;林业物权的变动尤其是指林地与森林资源的使用权的变动;林权流转政策规范的重点在于林地、森林使用权的流转。     

Development and validation of numerical indexes integrating enzyme activities of soils

Three numerical indexes, based on soil enzyme activities, which can discriminate between altered and unaltered soils, are presented and validated. Seven enzymes were measured at three different agricultural sites subjected to contamination by municipal and industrial wastes (site 1), intensive cultivation without either crop rotation or organic fertilization (site 2), and irrigation with brackish water (site 3). At each site neighbouring, unaltered soils were sampled and analysed as control soils.The three indexes were developed by means of canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) using data from two sites, while the third site was kept aside as an independent test. The first index is built up using all of the enzyme activities studied; the second, using the most discriminating enzyme activities only; and the third was developed for testing against data in published papers that deal with enzyme measurements in soils under different management regimes.The three indexes were able to discriminate between altered and control soils when applied to the data set from the third site, i.e., that not used for index development. When tested against published data, the third index was usually able to discriminate altered soils from controls by higher index scores. This index was successful in most cases: it was consistently able to classify soils according to their reported degree of alteration. Our results confirm that enzyme activities are suitable indicators of soil alteration and may be usefully integrated to develop soil alteration indexes suitable for monitoring soil status under different conditions.     

跨部门管理的自然保护区建立和变更的法律规则设计——以湖南岳阳东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区为例

我国自然保护区的类型是以保护对象来划分的,随着湿地和山地等自然保护区的出现,诸如跨林业部门和农业(渔业)部门主管的自然保护区会越来越多。本文试图设计跨部门管理的自然保护区建立和变更的法律规则,并以湖南岳阳东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区为例来探讨跨部门管理的自然保护区变更的必要性和可行性。建议在《自然保护区法》制定中考虑跨部门管理的自然保护区问题,自然保护区合作管理机构应整合其多个管理部门的权力,对自然保护区进行一体化管理或生态系统管理。     

Proceedings of the 2013 Joint JSTP/NTP Satellite Symposium

The first joint Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) and National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held on January 29^th at Okura Frontier Hotel in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan, in advance of the JSTP’s 29^th Annual Meeting. The goal of this Symposium was to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, select images that were used for audience voting or discussion, and the voting results. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium include: treatment-related atypical hepatocellular foci of cellular alteration in B6C3F1 mice; purulent ventriculoencephalitis in a young BALB/c mouse; a subcutaneous malignant schwannoma in a RccHan:WIST rat; spontaneous nasal septum hyalinosis/eosinophilic substance in B6C3F1 mice; a rare pancreatic ductal cell adenoma in a young Lewis rat; eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in a transgenic mouse model; hyaline glomerulopathy in two female ddY mice; treatment-related intrahepatic erythrocytes in B6C3F1 mice; treatment-related subendothelial hepatocytes in B6C3F1 mice; spontaneous thyroid follicular cell vacuolar degeneration in a cynomolgus monkey; congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 1-year-old cat; a spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the middle ear in a young Crl:CD(SD) rat; and finally a series of cases illustrating some differences between cholangiofibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma in Sprague Dawley and F344 rats.