Categorization of the pelvic limb standing posture in nine breeds of dogs

The objective of the study was to categorize objectively nine breeds of healthy dogs according to pelvic limb standing posture. A total of 135 dogs from different breeds were used and the standing angles of the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints, together with the percentages of the greater trochanter, patella and tuber calcanei heights, with respect to crista iliaca height, were used as discriminant variables for the categorization of pelvic limb posture. All included breeds were allocated to three groups of the standing pelvic limb posture. The best discriminant variables between the three groups were the percentage of patellar height, and the standing angles of the stifle and tarsal joints. German shepherds, Anatolian shepherds, golden retrievers, Rottweilers, Belgian Malinois and Dobermann pinschers were well separated between 89% and 100% success rate for the categorization. The minimal success rate was determined in Berner sennenhunds as the ratio of 75%. It was also determined that Dobermann pinschers had the straightest pelvic limbs, while German shepherds had the most angulated pelvic limbs. Further studies are required to document the impact of postural differences in active and passive structure diseases of the locomotor system of the pelvic limb among dog breeds.     

不同有机质含量土壤对烤烟生长发育和氮素积累及上部叶化学成分的影响

研究结果表明:有机质含量高的土壤供氮能力强,烟株农艺性状和干物质重存在明显优势,烟株在生育前期以吸收积累肥料氮为主,生育后期土壤以吸收积累土壤氮为主。而在有机质含量低的土壤上,烟株在整个生育期均以吸收积累肥料氮为主。随叶位的升高,土壤氮在烟叶积累氮量中所占的比例逐渐升高,而肥料氮所占比例逐渐下降。在有机质含量高的土壤上,来源于土壤的氮素在各部位叶中所占的比例均大于肥料氮所占的比例,而在有机质含量低的土壤上,肥料氮所占比例在各部位叶中均大于土壤氮。后期过量的氮素供应致使上部叶烟碱含量超高积累,而总糖和还原糖含量严重偏低;有机质含量低的土壤在烤烟生育期内矿化出的无机氮较少,土壤供氮能力较弱,烟株及上部叶以吸收、积累肥料氮为主。     

提高安徽烤烟上部叶可用性的技术思路与对策

分析了提高安徽烤烟上部叶可用性的重要性 ;根据安徽实际 ,提出了新的技术思路与对策     

“红肉病”文蛤的组织病理学

利用组织学和组织化学方法,在光镜水平下研究了患“红肉病”文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)的组织病理学变化特征。结果显示,患病文蛤的病理学变化主要表现为组织结构紊乱,上皮膨大、脱落,鳃、外套膜、消化盲囊等组织发现异常结构及寄生物,如嗜碱性的包涵体、嗜酸性颗粒及寄生性原生动物等。另外,组织化学研究结果显示,病蛤在糖含量、磷酸酶活性等方面也有明显变化,表现为消化盲囊、肠等部位吸收细胞内糖含量增加。消化盲囊、消化管各处酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性减弱,碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP)增强。鳃组织ACP活性增强,AKP活性减弱等。     

Evaluation of functional muscle anatomy scalability in the canine hind limb

In contrast to other mammals, the large variation in dog sizes is not accompanied by any significant genetic re-organization. In order to study the relationship between body mass, limb length and the functional anatomical muscle parameters of the canine hind limb, a large dataset comprising of muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and physiological cross-sectional area's (PCSA) were acquired for twenty-five muscles in ten dogs of sizes varying between 20 kg and 52 kg. The potential of body mass and limb length for reliably scaling individual muscle masses, optimal muscle fibre lengths and PCSA's were examined. For the majority of the muscles of the canine hind limb, neither body mass nor limb length were reliable scaling parameter for either muscle masses, PCSA's and optimal fibre length. These results indicate the need of a breed-specific approach to musculoskeletal modelling in future canine musculoskeletal research.