对社会主义初级阶段商品经济性质的一个研究

本文对社会主义有计划的商品经济这一范畴能否覆盖整个社会主义发展阶段提出质疑,认为有计划的商品经济是社会主义成熟阶段商品经济的典型特征,社会主义初级阶段的商品经济只能是创造条件向有计划的商品经济过渡的中间形式;其根本原因在于商品经济具有自身客观的发展过程,社会主义必须经历商品经济的各个发展阶段,才能达到有计划的商品经济这一发达阶段。     

森林生态效益的价值理论问题探讨

从森林生态效益价值理论依据出发 ,分析探讨了森林生态效益的外部经济效果和外部经济性理论和效益价值核算理论问题 ,对正确计量评价森林生态效益的价值具有重要的实践意义     

Presidential Address — 2002: The Grassland Society of Southern Africa should be striving for greater synergy with the farming community

'Let me assure you all that our commitment to the preservation of wildlife and the habitat in the Maasai Mara reserve is total. We do not deny that the reserve is of vital economic importance to us, but we also firmly believe, and proclaim, that wildlife deserves to be protected for its own sake. The animals are God's creatures and we affirm their right to live and survive as undisturbed as possible in this busy and over-populated world. The Mara can provide a relief from the commercial pressures of profit and survival. We must thus emphasize that in the Maasai Mara reserve interests of wildlife are paramount.' Samson Ole Tuya, Chairman Narok County Council — Maasai Mara Tourism Workshop, March 1991

'The chances of wildlife surviving when people are hungry and poor are becoming increasingly slim.' Samson Ole Tuya, Member of Parliament, Narok South. Workshop — Defining the framework for management and conservation planning for the Maasai Mara ecosystem, November 1996

The Maasai Mara ecosystem has one of the richest assemblages of wildlife in the world and supports about 237 herbivores per km², making it one of the most productive natural terrestrial ecosystems. It maintains the greatest and most spectacular large mammal migration on earth and is the most highly visited tourist area in the East African region. Tourism generates millions of dollars annually while livestock and agriculture contribute significantly to the local and national economy. This paper examines the enormous threats facing the ecosystem and the efforts being made to keep the ecosystem open in order to support a vibrant tourist trade and a healthy livestock economy. These aspects are currently threatened by a burgeoning human population, land subdivision, changing land tenure systems, crop farming, poaching, habitat fragmentation, blockage of wildlife migratory corridors, habitat destruction, sedentarisation, environmental degradation and poverty. Wildlife conservation is in conflict with agriculture, while tourism has taken away the best grazing areas for livestock. The paper also reviews the ecological and socio-economic problems associated with tourism, land use changes and break down of traditional governance structures and how they have weakened the capacity of Maasai Mara to sustain a viable wildlife populations.     

宝兴县经济社会发展战略研究

宝兴县是我省不发达山区,以农业为主,其他行业缺乏活力,阻碍了农业的发展,而农业又限制了整个县的发展。本文提出,应该承认本地需要有一个整体发展。这就是说需要建设、改进和维护公共设施(特别是能使本地区打破孤立状态的)、公共服务业以及开拓其他行业,诸如交通(即使仅仅只有较方便的通路)、工业、手工业、旅游业和林业等。农业仍然是重要的。地方政府应该致力于稳定农业生产并增加食品供应的可靠性。宝兴县的农业具有两种功能:为地方农业生产作出贡献的经济功能和保护自然环境的社会功能。作者强调对农民提供职业训练、信息和技术及经济咨询服务的重要性。     

论我国外向型农业的发展战略

理论界对怎样发展我国外向型农业存在争议。本文分析了外向型农业的内涵,认为外向型农业实质上是出口农业,并在此基础上提出建立多层次多类型现代化程度不同的农副产品出口生产基地和发展附加值高的农副加工品是我国外向型农业发展战略的两个基本要点。