Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Application on Pod Setting of Individual Florets within Raceme in Soybean

Abstract

The application of synthetic cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine, BA) to racemes of soybean genotype IX93-100 at 7 days after anthesis (DAA) enhanced pod-set percentage of the florets at the 5th position and above (numbered from the base on rachis). The endogenous cytokinin (trans-zeatin riboside) content of individual florets was measured at the 1, 3, 5, 7th position every 3 days after anthesis. Cytokinin was detected only from the florets at 9 DAA, and the content was higher in the more proximal florets while it became negligible in the 7th floret. These results suggest that an increase in the amount of cytokinin in individual florets might enhance the pod setting of the florets positioned at the middle or distal part within the raceme.     

大白菜种株碳同化分配及其对种荚发育的作用

用　14 C示踪方法研究大白菜种株不同生育时期同化产物分配及其对种荚形成的作用 ,结果表明 :叶片是主要同化器官 ;生育前期同化产物主要向茎枝和根系分配 ;后期主要向角果输送 ;种株开花前同化产物可通过再次分配进入角果 ,开花后同化产物对种子形成贡献更大。种株不同生育时期同化产物对角果皮和籽粒发育的作用存在差异     

吉林省菜豆地方品种资源研究及利用现状

吉林省气候寒冷,菜豆资源丰富。其中的油豆、花皮类型品种资源栽培区域性强,其荚宽、肉厚,呈宽刀形,荚宽可达2.5cm。荚色以绿色、花色为主,绿色荚品种占76%,花皮品种占22%。种皮色以花色为主,占资源总数的62%,种子粒大,千粒重最高达700g。且品种名称生动、形象,具有地方特色。     

花生种子大小和重量对生长和产量的影响

花生种仁的大小及重量对出苗速度及出苗率、幼苗的生长和发育、植株的花芽分化和成花率以及荚果产量等有很大的影响。大粒优质种仁可提高出苗速度2～5d及出苗率3％～5％，植株生长健壮，花芽分化增多，成花率高，最终获得高产。     

Fruit infestation of Acacia tortilis (Forsk) hyne by Bruchidius andrewesi Pic. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in the Thar desert

Bruchidius andrewesi Pic. has been recorded as a serious pest of pods and seeds of Acacia tortilis in the Thar desert of India. Pest infestation on developing pods and its relationship with morphological traits is reported. Pod infestation varied from 5 to 19% with 5–29% infestation of seeds. Infestation of pods is directly related to infestation of seed (r = 0.72^**), and both pod and seed infestation are also directly correlated with loss in seed biomass (r = 0.79^** and R = 0.88^**). The infestation of pods starts in November and increases steady until harvest. Seeds kept in the laboratory for further studies were found to be 100% infested with B. andrewesi, as the insect multiplied faster under these conditions. The heavy infestation is damaging not only to A. tortilis but also to other leguminous trees of the desert. Bruchidius andrewesi has also been found on pods and seeds of Prosopis cineraria, an important indigenous tree of the region.     

Wild relatives of pigeonpea as a source of resistance to the pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch) and pod wasp (Tanaostigmodes cajaninae La Salle)

Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important legume crop in South Asia, East and southern Africa, and the Caribbean. Pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch) and pod wasp (Tanaostigmodes cajaninae La Salle) are important constraints to increase the production and productivity of pigeonpea under subsistence farming conditions. Host plant-resistance can be used as an important component for the management of these pests, and therefore, we evaluated 28 accessions of wild relatives of pigeonpea for resistance to these pests. There were significant inter- and intra-species differences in the relative susceptibility to pod fly and pod wasp damage. Accessions belonging to Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) Thouars, C. sericeus (Benth. ex Bak.) van der Maesen, Rhynchosia bracteata Benth. ex Bak., C. acutifolius (F.v. Muell.) van der Maesen, C. lineatus (W. & A.) van der Maesen, and C. albicans (W. & A.) van der Maesen showed resistance to pod fly damage, while those from C. platycarpus (Benth.) van der Maesen, C. cajanifolius (Haines) van der Maesen and R. aurea DC. were susceptible. For the pod wasp, some of the accessions from C. scarabaeoides, C. albicans, Flemingia stricta Roxb., and R. bracteata (Roxb.) Wight showed a resistant reaction, while ICPW 83 belonging to C. scarabaeoides showed a susceptible reaction. ICPW 141, ICPW 278, and ICPW 280 (C. scarabaeoides), ICPW 214 (R. bracteata), ICPW 14 (C. albicans), and ICPW 202 (F. stricta) showed resistance to both pod fly and pod wasp damage. There was considerable variation in accessions belonging to different species for their susceptibility to pod fly and pod wasp, which can be exploited to breed for resistance to these pests. There was a negative association between pod wasp and pod borer damage, and therefore, it is important to keep track of the relative susceptibility of pigeonpea genotypes to pod wasp, while breeding for resistance to pod borers.     

Perennial Wild Relatives of Chickpea as Potential Sources of Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera

The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübn.), is one of the major constraints to chickpea production, and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. The levels of resistance in the cultivated chickpea are low to moderate, and therefore, we evaluated 17 accessions of perennial Cicer along with three cultivated chickpea genotypes for resistance to H. armigera. There was a significant reduction in both leaf feeding and larval weights when the larvae were fed on the leaves of Cicer microphyllum Benth. accessions ICC 17146, ICC 17236, ICC 17240, and ICC 17248. Relative resistance index based on leaf feeding, larval survival, and larval weight indicated that C. microphyllum accessions ICC 17146, ICC 17236, ICC 17234, ICC 17240, ICC 17243, and ICC 17248 were highly resistant to H. armigera. Under natural infestation, accessions belonging to C. microphyllum, C. canariense Santos Guerra et Lewis, and C. macracanthum M. Pop suffered a damage rating of <2.0 compared to 4.0 in C. judaicum Boiss. accession ICC 17148 (annual species) and 8.5–9.0 in the cultivated chickpeas (1 = <10% leaf area damaged, and, 9 = >80% leaf area damaged). There was considerable diversity in the accessions belonging to perennial wild species of chickpea, and these can be exploited to increase the levels and diversify the basis of resistance to H. armigera in the cultivated chickpea.     

高油花生品种荚果发育动态研究

以高油品种为试材,研究了高油花生品种荚果发育过程中荚果的鲜重、干重及籽仁干重的变化规律.结果表明:0321-31和鲁花12号荚果发育晚、速度慢,持续时间短;冀花4号、冀花5号、冀花2号和R1549荚果发育较早、速度快,持续时间长;不同花生品种荚果发育规律表现一致,即荚果发育初期,以荚果膨大为主;始花40 d后,荚果发育进程加快;始花47～54 d,荚果鲜重和干重快速增加,但含水量仍在60%以上;始花54～68 d,荚果鲜重和干重继续增加,但幅度不大,而荚果鲜重则随含水量的急剧下降而减少;始花68～82d,荚果含水量较少,荚果干重和籽仁干重再度急速增加,始花82 d时达到最大值.     

Functional Growth Model for Pod Development in Greengram and Blackgram

Identification of readily measured traits that are associated with higher productivity of field crops is important to breeders. The objective of this study was to find out whether pod filling rate or duration of pod filling greatly decide final pod weight in greengram and blackgram. The effective pod filling duration is only 16 days in both the crops. Pod filling rate is more important than duration of pod development. Richards function is found to more closely fit the data on pod development from anthesis to maturity in both the species.     

ABA处理对油菜角果光合特性及产量的影响(英文)

[目的]探讨不同浓度ABA的施用对油菜光合特性及产量构成因素的影响,分析了外源ABA浓度与油菜产量之间的关系,为制定油菜高产栽培措施提供理论依据。[方法]在油菜终花期,采用浓度分别为1、2、100和200μmol/L的ABA对油菜角果进行喷施处理,测定了喷施后0、5、10和15d的角果光合特征及其对产量和产量构成因素的影响。[结果]不同的外源ABA施用浓度对油菜光合及产量有显著影响。高浓度的ABA处理降低了油菜的光合、水分利用效率(WUE)以及产量,而低浓度的ABA处理后这些指标均显著提高。[结论]ABA对植物的促进或是抑制作用取决于外源ABA的施用浓度与内源激素的相互作用关系。低浓度ABA能够提高油菜的产量可能与它提高了油菜角果的水分利用率(WUE)有关。