Immunohistochemical analysis of pseudorabies virus spread through neurons innervating the eyeball

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was inoculated intraocularly into BALB/c mice, and the distribution pattern of cells positive for several neurotransmitters and viral antigens in the eyeball, trigeminal nerve ganglia, and superior cervical ganglia was examined immunohistochemically to clarify the neural route of the virus spread. In the eyeball, substance P (SP)- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral iris and ciliary body, neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-positive cells were detected in the choloid membrane, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were detected in the ipsilateral inner nuclear layer of the retina; all these cells contained viral antigens. In the superior cervical ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing TH or NPY were found at bilateral sites. In the trigeminal nerve ganglia, viral antigen-positive cells containing SP or CGRP were found at bilateral sites. These findings indicated that the SP- and CGRP-positive ganglion cells of the trigeminal nerve ganglia innervating the iris or ciliary body, and the NPY-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia innervating the iris, ciliary body, and choroid membrane served as the route for the virus spread. These findings also suggested that dopaminergic neurons, such as the TH-positive retinal cells and TH-positive ganglion cells of the superior cervical ganglia, served as the route for virus spread.     

干奶期不同能量水平对奶牛血中神经肽 Y和生长激素浓度的影响

将健康围产期奶牛30头随机分为3组．预产前28d按奶牛营养需要分别饲喂100％、120％、80％能量日粮，产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准的产奶日粮，至产后56d结束，观测干奶期不同能量摄入水平对围产期健康奶牛血中神经肽Y和生长激素浓度的影响。结果表明，干奶期低能量日粮饲喂，奶牛血中神经肽和生长激素浓度均高于其他2组，从产前14d至产后28d组间差异显著（P〈0.01；P〈0.05），提示低能量饲料饲喂干奶期奶牛，产后能量负平衡得到缓解。     

Associations of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Genes'''' Polymorphisms with Egg-Laying Traits in Wenchang Chicken

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang (Chinese indigenous breed) chicken with restricton fragment length polymorphisms. The associations of the SNPs with the total egg production (NE), average days of continual laying (ADCL), and number of double-yolked eggs (DYE) traits were analyzed. The frequency of restriction enzyme A/a alleles in the population was for GnRHR 0.69 (Bpu1102 Ⅰ A) and 0.31 (Bpu1102 Ⅰ a) and for NPY 0.46 (Dra Ⅰ B) and 0.54 (Dra Ⅰ b). Trait data from a total of 120 hens, which were purebred introduced from Hainan Province, China from one generation were recorded. Two significant effects of genes' marker were found for GnRHR and number of eggs (dominant; t= 2.67, df= 116) and NPY and number of eggs (additive; t= 1.97, df= 116). The current research supports the effects of GnRHR and NPY genes on egg-laying traits of chickens.     

文昌鸡神经肽Y基因多态性与开产性状的关系

[目的]检测文昌鸡神经肽Y基因（NPY）的多态性及其与开产性状的关系,为高产文昌鸡的育种提供资料。[方法]通过PCR-RFLP方法检测文昌鸡NPY基因Dra I位点上的多态性,分析其基因型、群体的遗传稳定性以及该位点多态性与开产日龄、开产体重和开产蛋重的关系。[结果]文昌鸡在NPY基因Dra I位点上有3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）;基因型的分布符合Hardy-Weinberg定律;不同基因型间的开产日龄、开产蛋重差异不显著（P〉0.05）,开产体重差异极显著（P〈0.01）。[结论]文昌鸡NPY,基因Dra I位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,其基因多态影响开产体重。     

TAT-NPY融合蛋白的表达和生物活性检测

摘 要：为了研究含有跨膜结构域TAT基因的重组奶牛神经肽Y融合蛋白的生物学活性。利用基因工程技术,在牛神经肽Y基因序列中插入TAT蛋白基因序列,构建原核表达载体pGEX-3X-NPY-PTD,导入到BL21宿主菌中,进行表达,对表达产物进行鉴定、表达条件优化和纯化。并且经过活性检测,融合蛋白对鸡胚血管生成的促进作用,表明含有PTD结构的重组奶牛神经肽Y具有生物功能活性,为动物试验奠定了基础。为了获得重组TAT-NPY融合蛋白,并研究其生物学活性。利用基因工程技术,从犊牛下丘脑组织中克隆得到神经肽Y基因序列,通过基因比对符合率为100%。同时,在牛神经肽Y基因序列中插入TAT蛋白基因序列,构建原核表达载体pGEX-3X-NPY-PTD,导入到BL21宿主菌中,进行原核表达,并对表达产物进行鉴定、表达条件优化和纯化。并且经过活性检测,融合蛋白对鸡胚血管生成起促进作用。表明含有PTD结构的重组奶牛神经肽Y具有生物功能活性,为下一步的研究提供了物质基础。     

能量与NPY基因对文昌鸡开产性状的影响

为了研究日粮能量水平与神经肽Y（neuropeptide,NPY）基因对文昌鸡开产性状的影响,运用PCR- RFLP方法检测3组试验鸡群（Ⅰ组,低能组;Ⅱ组,中能组;Ⅲ组,高能组）NPY基因DraⅠ酶切位点的多态性,共得到3种基因型,并对其与开产性状间进行了方差分析。结果表明,日粮能量水平对开产日龄、开产体重、开产蛋重无显著影响(P＞0.05),但是由高能到低能,开产日龄呈现由早到晚的趋势,开产蛋重呈现由低到高的趋势。NPY基因型对开产日龄、开产体重、开产蛋重无显著影响(P＞0.05)。     

NPY、TSH-β、CaBP-28K基因在鸭繁殖期组织中的表达水平分析

本研究对繁殖期高邮鸭神经肽Y(NPY)、促甲状腺激素β(TSH-β)、钙结合蛋白-D28K(CaBP-28K)基因在中枢神经组织和周围组织表达量进行了实时荧光定量分析。结果表明:NPY基因在下丘脑中表达量显著高于在垂体和在小肠中的表达量(P<0.05),在卵巢、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰腺、子宫、胸肌、腿肌等9个部位呈痕量表达;TSH-β基因在垂体、小肠中表达量较高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);CaBP-28K基因在小肠表达量最多,其次是卵巢和肾脏,但均显著大于垂体中表达量(P<0.05),在其他测定部位呈痕量表达,就生殖轴而言,CaBP-28KmRNA的表达量表现为卵巢>垂体>下丘脑。本研究为了解高邮鸭繁殖期相关基因的表达特征和内分泌机制,指导高邮鸭选种选育提供了理论依据。     

鸭的NPY基因克隆和适应性检验分析

根据已知的鸭近缘物种及哺乳动物的神经肽Y（Neuropeptide Y,NPY）基因序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术从高邮鸭生殖轴组织总RNA中克隆出NPY基因cDNA序列,采用生物信息学方法分析不同物种间序列同源性和进化关系,并利用PAML4b检测位点选择压力。序列分析结果表明,克隆获得的鸭NPY基因cDNA片段序列长度约300bp,其与近缘物种序列的相似性在92%~96%之间,与哺乳动物序列的相似性在77%~84%之间,与鱼类序列的相似性在33%~39%之间。在系统进化树的拓扑结构中,禽类、哺乳动物和鱼类分别位于独立分支,揭示的系统发育关系和物种进化相一致。序列适应性进化检验结果表明,哺乳动物NPY基因在进化过程中经历了正选择作用,而禽类和鱼类NPY基因经历了较强的净化选择作用。研究结果有助于了解NPY基因进化历程及结构与功能变异,为进一步研究其与鸭繁殖性能的关系提供了基础。     

Leptin长型受体与神经肽Y在猪前脑内共存

用原位杂交与免疫组织化学相结合的方法研究了 5头三元杂交仔猪前脑内leptin长型受体mRNA与神经肽Y(NPY)免疫反应阳性物质的共存关系。实验结果表明 ,leptin长型受体mRNA和NPY免疫反应阳性神经元分布于下丘脑漏斗核和前室周核、海马、杏仁核及大脑皮质。上述结构内一些表达leptin长型受体mRNA的神经元也含有NPY免疫反应阳性物质 ,即leptin长型受体与NPY共存于同一神经元内。提示leptin可能通过下丘脑漏斗核和室周核以及边缘系统的海马和杏仁核 ,甚至大脑皮质中表达leptin长型受体mRNA的NPY免疫反应阳性神经元调节动物的摄食、能量代谢、生长和繁殖等活动。     

Effect of hypothalamic PVN exogenous orexin-A on food intake in obese rats and regulation by NPY receptor signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of orexin-A on food intake and glucose-sensitive (GS) neuronal excitability in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. METHODS:Fluorescence immunohistochemistry experiment was used to observe the expression of orexin-A receptor (orexin receptor 1, OX1R) and NPY receptor Y5 (NPY-5R) in the PVN. The effect of orexin-A on the excitability of GS neurons in PVN was observed by single cell discharge recording. The cannula was implanted into the PVN of SD rats and DIO rats. The orexin-A, OX1R antagonist SB-334867 and NPY-5R antagonist CGP-71683 were injected through the cannula to observe the 0~2 h and 0~4 h food intake of the rats. RESULTS:The expression of OX1R and NPY-5R in the PVN of DIO rats was significantly higher than that in the SD rats. Orexin-A inhibited glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons and excited glucose-excited (GE) neurons in the PVN. However, the effects of orexin-A on GS neurons were partially blocked by the NPY-5R antagonist CGP-71683. Compared with the SD rats, orexin-A had more pronounced excitatory and inhibitory effects on PVN GS neurons in the DIO rats. Injection of orexin-A in the PVN increased food intake in the SD rats and DIO rats. However, the orexin-A-induced feeding was partially blocked by the NPY-5R antagonist CGP-71683. The effect of orexin-A on feeding was stronger in the DIO rats than that in the SD rats. CONCLUSION:The hypothalamic PVN orexin-A regulates food intake and GS neuronal excitability mainly through the OX1R signaling pathway, and NPY-5R signaling is also involved in this process, in which the regulatory effect on DIO rats is more sensitive.