鄂托克前旗近50年降水变化特征分析

本文利用鄂托克前旗1967-2018年气象观测站近50年的气象资料,对鄂托克前旗降水特征进行分析。结果表明：整体来说，鄂托克前旗的年降水量变化呈现微弱降低趋势，每10a大约减少1.2mm；28a时间尺度决定的主周期控制着该地区的年降水变化特征，通过周期和突变分析，预计未来三年左右降水高于多年平均值，随后的14年左右时间内降水量呈现减少趋势，逐渐低于多年平均降水量。     

农业空间诱变育种研究进展

报道了国内外空间诱变育种的情况，着重介绍了自1987年以来，我国科学工作者9次利用返回式卫星及5次高空气球搭载了60多种植物500多个品种的种子，经地面多年的选育，取得了一批可喜的成果。     

Evolutionary characteristics of morbilliviruses during serial passages in vitro: Gradual attenuation of virus virulence

The genus Morbillivirus is classified into the family Paramyxoviridae, and is composed of 6 members, namely measles virus (MV), rinderpest virus (RPV), peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV), canine distemper virus (CDV), phocine distemper virus (PDV) and cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV). The MV, RPV, PPRV and CDV have been successfully attenuated through their serial passages in vitro for the production of live vaccines. It has been demonstrated that the morbilliviral virulence in animals was progressively attenuated with their consecutive passages in vitro. However, only a few reports were involved in explanation of an attenuation-related mechanism on them until many years after the establishment of a quasispecies theory. RNA virus quasispecies arise from rapid evolution of viruses with high mutation rate during genomic replication, and play an important role in gradual loss of viral virulence by serial passages. Here, we overviewed the development of live-attenuated vaccine strains against morbilliviruses by consecutive passages in vitro, and further discussed a related mechanism concerning the relationship between virulence attenuation and viral evolution.     

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency: presence of the Cys36Ser beta-2 integrin mutation in an affected US Irish Setter cross-breed dog and in US Irish Red and White Setters

Canine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CLAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by recurrent bacterial infections in the presence of marked leukocytosis. The disease was 1st described in the mid-1980s in a cross-breed Irish Setter Dog in the United States. It results from a defective beta-2 subunit of heterodimeric leukocyte adhesion proteins. The causative mutation for CLAD in Irish Setter Dogs from Europe has been identified as a missense mutation at base pair position 107 in the beta-2 integrin subunit gene (ITGB2) that results in an amino acid change from cysteine to serine at amino acid 36 (Cys36Ser) in the beta-2 integrin subunit protein. In the current work, the originally described dog with CLAD has been genetically tested and shown to have the same mutation as the European Irish Setters. This suggests that the mutation has been in the Irish Setter population for many generations spanning more than 2 decades. A related breed, the Irish Red and White Setter, has a history of interbreeding with Irish Setters and shares a common ancestry with the Irish Setter breed. DNA from Irish Red and White Setters residing in the United States was screened either by sequencing or by the newly developed restriction enzyme test for the Irish Setter Cys36Ser CLAD mutation. Seven of 54 dogs tested (13%) were found to be carriers of the Irish Setter CLAD mutation. Five of these were directly related to a sire from the UK, demonstrating the importation of an allele from another continent and establishing the need for genetic testing in this breed in the United States.     

Comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of parental and attenuated isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus

To identify possible sites of viral attenuation, the complete nucleotide sequences of two isolates of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were determined; a severe isolate Z5-1 and an attenuated isolate from Z5-1 (designated ZYMV-2002). The viral genome of both isolates consisted of 9593 nucleotides in size and contained an open reading frame encoding a single polyprotein of 3080 amino acids. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences for Z5-1 and ZYMV-2002 revealed 14 nucleotide mutations, resulting in seven amino acid substitutions with four in the HC-Pro region, two in the CI region, and one in the NIb region. These results provide a genetic basis for future manipulation of the ZYMV reverse genetics system. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AB188115 and AB188116     

猕猴桃辐射诱变效应的初步研究

用60Co-γ射线处理"和平红阳"和"和平一号"2个猕猴桃品种幼芽,并在猕猴桃成株上进行高位嫁接,对其辐射效应进行初步研究.结果表明:嫁接萌芽率变化的一般趋势是随着辐射剂量的加大而降低;随辐射强度的增加,使萌发芽的死亡率加大,导致最终成活枝的比例降低.参试品种的半致死剂量在50～75 Gy之间.辐射在引起猕猴桃幼芽生理损伤的同时,亦会诱发性状变异.2个品种的茎长、叶柄长、叶片宽等性状50 Gy处理和CK间的差异均达到显著水平,2 a试验取得一致的结果.而茎直径和叶片长度,不同品种及不同年份的表现不同.辐射处理会提高性状的变异系数,增加性状的变异度,为选择提供更丰富的变异材料.表明辐射诱变在猕猴桃品种改良中有重要的研究应用价值.     

ASIP基因编辑细毛羊自然突变和编辑基因型的遗传研究

为了探究控制毛色的多拷贝基因（ASIP）编辑细毛羊自然突变（D₉、D₅）和编辑突变的遗传特征和规律,分别将深棕色毛色表型的F₀代基因编辑中国美利奴细毛羊公羊与白色表型野生型母羊,有深色斑点表型的F₀代基因编辑母羊与野生型公羊交配,获得白色表型和深棕色及斑点状毛色表型F₁代个体23只。通过分析F₀、F₁代基因编辑羊ASIP基因的自然突变和编辑突变基因型,掌握编辑基因型的遗传规律和特征,以及自然突变、编辑突变与毛色表型的相关性。结果表明：F₀代基因编辑个体的4种主要编辑基因型（4 bp碱基缺失、5 bp,12 bp碱基插入、27 bp碱基缺失伴随1 bp碱基插入及2 bp碱基缺失）均在17只F₁代基因编辑羊得到遗传（另6只为野生型）。基因突变与毛色表型的相关性分析结果表明,D₉或D₅自然突变、ASIP基因编辑突变和拷贝数共同影响或决定基因编辑中国美利奴羊毛色图案的形成。     

60Co诱变方法选育高产多糖槐耳菌株

采用槐耳T菌株作为诱变材料,进行60Co射线的诱变试验（剂量为1000Gy,剂量率为10Gy·min^-1）,筛选出多糖含量高且适合栽培的新菌株T189,其多糖产量为37．13％,比槐耳T菌株（27．48％）提高35．1％。     

粤西籍人群Fv Leiden基因突变的初步调查

了解ＦｖＬｅｉｄｅｎ基因突变在广东籍正常人群中发生的情况。方法：用两种引物多聚酶链反应方法检测１３０例广东雷州籍正常人和３例静脉血栓患者ＦｖＬｅｉｄｅｎ基因突变情况，结果所有的样本均未检出ＦｖＬｅｉｄｅｎ突变。结论粤西籍正常人中尚未发现ＦｖＬｅｉｄｅｎ突变。