五种鬼伞过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶研究

应用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对五种野生鬼伞 (Coprinus)真菌进行了过氧化物酶 (POD)和酯酶(EST)的同工酶分析 ,结果表明 :五种鬼伞的POD和EST同工酶酶谱比较稳定清晰 ,且分别有一条共同的酶带 ,可能是鬼伞属的POD和EST同工酶特征酶带 ;POD和EST同工酶酶谱均表明 ,家园鬼伞 (C .domesticus)和瓦鳞鬼伞 (C .clavatus)间有较近的亲缘关系 ;不同种鬼伞的POD和EST同工酶之间既有共同的特征 ,又各自有本物种的特有特征 ,POD和EST同工酶酶谱可以作为鬼伞属种类鉴定、亲缘关系比较的重要依据。     

石刁柏性别表现与同工酶的关系

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对石刁柏（ＡｓｐａｒａｇｕｓｏｆｆｉｃｉｎａｌｉｓＬ．）雌雄植株不同器官及不同组织的过氧化物酶同工酶谱进行了研究，结果表明，除根部外，尽管鳞片、茎尖、拟叶等器官酶谱有明显差异，但雌雄株间差异有相同的趋势。雄株均比相应的雌株少一条酶带，雌雄植株组织培养获得的愈伤组织和茎尖过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱差异也有类似的规律。说明石刁柏性别差异与过氧化物酶同工酶的数目有关，过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异可以作为性别鉴定的指标。     

Ⅱ优63及其亲本酯酶同工酶电泳分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析Ⅱ优63及其亲本Ⅱ-32A和Ⅱ-32B稻苗的酯酶同工酶表明:萌发生长10～18天的Ⅱ优63稻苗中具活性渐强的特征带17A(Rf=0.745),而其亲本均无此带。     

完达蜂斗菜同工酶研究

本文对完达蜂斗菜的野生植株和驯化栽培植株进行了过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶分析。其结果表明:无论是野生植株还是驯化植株都有相对稳定的酶谱,而且由于驯化栽培条件的变化面使酶谱发生相应的变化。各条酶带的活性,迁移率及数目的变化可以作为环境条件改变而引起新陈代谢变化的生化指标。     

荔蝽中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性与自然抗药性的关系

本文研究了荔蝽头部乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的季节性变化与自然抗药性的关系,以及敌百虫对AChE的影响,同时运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,探讨了荔蝽酯酶同功酶的变动情况。结果表明:荔蝽正常成虫头部AChE活性在新羽化成虫中最高,比活力达3.5μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,越冬期最低,仅1.17μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,到生殖期又上升为2.67μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质。经敌百虫处理后,在新羽化成虫期和生殖期AChE活性有明显被抑制现象,其比活力分别为2.21μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质和2.04μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,而在越冬期AChE活性几乎不受敌百虫影响,为1.24μmol min~(-1)mg~(-1)蛋白质,同功酶谱也显示AChE在不同季节中无明显变化。     

十五个产地兴安落叶松种子同工酶的研究

本实验应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，对１５个不同产地的兴安落叶松种子进行酯酶（ＥＳＴ）、苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）和过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）同工酶的分离。结果表明，兴安落叶松种子ＥＳＴ、ＭＤＨ和ＰＯＸ同工酶谱均存在３种类型，这是该树种在进货的历史长河中对环境的适应，且在分子水平上的表现。在用同工酶法鉴别该树种时，应考虑因产地不同而可能引起同工酶谱的差异。     

Isozyme Banding Pattern and Estimation of Genetic Diversity among Guinea Grass Germplasm

Isozyme banding pattern was studied in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), a widely cultivated grass having good fodder value. Similarity among 63 accessions collected from diverse sources was worked out using five enzyme systems (SOD, GOT, ACP, Esterase and Peroxidase) following horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Biochemical markers such as isozymes are useful supplements in identifying the genetic variation present in any crop. A total of 35 clear and unambiguous bands were used for analysis of which 8 bands were monomorphic. Polymorphism exhibited by 27 bands from all five enzyme systems indicate presence of considerable diversity in this species. The dendrogram generated after UPGMA and SAHN cluster analysis using Jaccard genetic distance showed that 63 accessions from diverse geographical locations could be grouped in three main clusters, of which two could further be divided into sub-clusters. Although the clusters comprised members from different locations, most of the accessions from similar geographical locations tended to cluster in same group.     

Isozyme diversity and analysis of the mating system of the wild rice Oryza latifolia Desv. in Costa Rica

Oryza latifolia is the most abundant and widespread wild relative of rice in the lowlands of Costa Rica. It also has the most diverse morphology. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and mating system of this allotetraploid species. Genetic analyses of nine populations from different life zones from the Pacific and Atlantic slopes were performed using six isozyme loci. Differences in genetic variability were observed among populations, of which Palo Verde and Santa Rosa were the most diverse. Most Atlantic populations clustered together, and a similar result was obtained with the Pacific populations. High levels of interpopulation diversity were observed while most populations were monomorphic for at least one genotype, suggesting little genetic flow within populations. Even in polymorphic populations no variation was observed within progeny groups, combined with Hardy-Weinberg disequilibria in most populations, commonly observed in autogamous species or in species with clonal reproduction. However, the high frequency of heterozygous-like patterns may suggest that the reproductive system of O. latifolia might be more complex. Future research may explain the genetic patterns as well as the reproductive biology of this species. The knowledge of the genetic diversity and mating system of O. latifolia could contribute to the implementation of genetic resource conservation strategies and gene flow analyses, as well as of breeding programs for rice improvement.     

大豆叶片过氧化物酶及其同工酶的研究

不同生育期大豆叶片过氧化物酶活性和同工酶谱存在着明显的品种间差异。新品种较老品种过氧化物酶活力高比活较低;高蛋白与低蛋白品种相比,高蛋白品种过氧化物酶活力较高,比活较低;结荚期,随植株节位降低,叶片过氧化物酶比活、活力和同工酶活性均呈增强趋势,但最下部老叶过氧化物酶活力和同工酶活性降低;未展开叶较展开叶的过氧化物酶同工酶谱阳极区酶活性所占比例较大;中部书位叶片酶谱清晰,条带数多,适于品种间比较。     

大豆种子萌发过程中不同器官同工酶的变化

本文利用薄层垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺电泳分析技术,结果表明,大豆种子萌发过程中,子叶中的酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶及下胚轴中的过氧化物酶同工酸酶活性面积增大,下胚轴和种皮中的酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶同工酶酶活性面积减小;子叶和下胚轴中的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转移酶同工酶酶带数目变少,带幅变窄,染色变浅;种皮中的谷氨酸草酰乙酸转移酶同工酶酶谱无变化。