开发农民创新能力的必要性分析——以乡土技术开发为例

我国农业技术成果转化率低的现状,一方面反映了农业适用技术的有效供给不足,农业科研与农民的需求存在脱节,另一方面也反映了农民自身接受技术能力有限。在此基础上提出开发农民的创新能力的对策。即加强政策支持力度提高农民生计系统承载能力;负担农民创新风险,提高农民创新意识;多方筹措资金,完善资金分配和管理机制,规范农业技术产品市场建设。     

建设社会主义新农村的探索与思考

党的十六届五全会明确提出建设社会主义新农村的宏伟规划,通过新农村建设的新模式,当前农民收入的主要特点和总结情况,增加农民收入的措施等方面的探索与思考,阐述了社会主义新农村的建设思路。     

我国高等教育收费对农村经济的影响

在分析我国高等教育收费改革与现状的基础上,重点探讨了我国高等教育收费对农村生产和农民消费的影响.     

麦秸还田及氮肥管理技术对水稻产量的影响

以水稻武香粳14和扬粳9538为材,大田设麦秸还田与不还田、不施氮肥、习惯施肥法（FFP）和基于叶绿素仪(SPAD)测定值的氮肥管理(SSNM)等处理。结果表明,SSNM较FFP氮肥施用量减少40.0%~41.7%,而产量平均增加3.81%。秸秆还田的较秸秆未还田的产量平均增加2.49%。氮肥的农学利用率、吸收利用率和生理利用率均以秸秆还田高于秸秆不还田处理。与秸秆未还田或FFP相比,秸秆还田和SSNM降低了生育前期的分蘖数、叶面积指数和干物质积累（但抽穗及以后差异较小）;提高了茎蘖成穗率、结实期叶片光合速率和根系活力。说明秸秆还田和SSNM有利于生育后期群体光合生产和提高物质生产效率。秸秆还田和实地氮肥管理提高了氮收获指数和氮肥利用效率。对秸秆还田和SSNM的产量、生育特性及氮肥利用效率进行了讨论。     

基于支持向量回归与地统计学的农民收入预测

农民收入既受其自身动态时序特性的影响,又与国家政策、农产品产量、天气等多种人为因素和自然因素关系密切,是一种典型的多维时间序列数据.该研究以国民总收入、乡村人口等11个可能与农民收入相关的影响因子为自变量,农村居民家庭平均每人纯收入为因变量,基于1982～2011年我国相关统计数据,采用支持向量回归与地统计学非线性时间序列预测模型对农民收入进行分析.结果表明：非线性时间序列预测模型大幅度提高了农民收入预测精度;农民的主要收入来源已不是粮食生产,而是向其他农业生产、进城务工等方面转移.     

Accessing genetic resources: international law establishes multilateral system

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is rapidly gathering sufficient ratifications to become international law. Once it enters into force, it will define the rules for access and benefit-sharing associated with most genetic resources of major food crops. This paper explains how the new Multilateral System established by the Treaty will work, and points out a number of ambiguities and problems in the text. Despite these shortcomings, the Treaty provides the international community of researchers, plant breeders, and farmers with an opportunity to foster cooperation and further the conservation and use of plant genetic resources.     

农村教育对农民增收的作用分析

论述了我国农村教育的现状、重要性以及教育与经济收入的关系,并通过分析相关统计资料,说明了农民素质与农民人均纯收入密切相关,同时提出了加快农村人力资源开发,增加农村人力资本投资,提高农民的教育水平、科技素质及构建农村终身教育体系等农村教育发展的建议。     

农民信息意识对农民行为的影响分析——以江苏省仪征市为例

农民的信息意识决定农民对科技信息的采纳行为。文章通过对江苏省仪征市11个乡镇的实地调查结果,将农民信息意识划分为信息认知、信息情感、信息行为倾向三个发展阶段,总结概括出弱信息意识被动型、弱信息意识主导型以及强信息意识主导型三种农民信息意识对农民行为的影响机制。在此基础上,提出了四种从农民信息意识出发引导农民行为改变的模式:科技培训模式、行为诱导模式、专业化服务模式以及市场化服务模式。     

Experiences and perspectives of farmers from Upstate New York farmers' markets

Despite the growing popularityof farmers' markets (FMs) across the UnitedStates, the experiences and perspectives offarmers who sell at markets have received verylittle research attention. This study describesthe views of 18 farmers from Upstate New Yorkon the importance of FMs as part of theirlifestyle and livelihood, the challenges theyface selling at markets, and their conceptionsof ideal FMs. Through in-depth, semi-structuredinterviews, farmers expressed economic andsocial motivations for selling at FMs; socialbenefits from interacting with customers; andthe challenges they faced as small-scalefarmers and sellers, including extra-marketcompetition, uncooperative and problematicmarket vendors, rising farm input costs, andchanging consumer trends. Farmers alsodiscussed personal values associated withselling at FMs, such as pride in raising andmarketing one's own products, working togetherwith other farmer-vendors, and providingcustomers with honest information. Visions ofideal FMs were varied among farmers, but therewas general agreement that FMs should provide adiversity of products to attract customers andeducational opportunities for the public tolearn more about FMs and local produce. Theinterdependence of FM farmers was a majoremergent theme across interviews. Findingssuggested that market experiences of FMfarmers, including economic success, are notonly contingent on personal effort, but canalso be affected by the work of fellow vendors.Future research may look to further explore howFM farmers and other vendors interact ascooperative and competitive social and economicunits. At the community level, FM leadershipshould continue to focus on the experiences andperspectives of farmers and other marketvendors, in addition to identifying ways forenhancing cooperative FM enterprises.     

试论新农村建设与农民权利的互动关系

新农村建设的根本问题是农民权利保障问题.新农村建设进程的推进对农民权利意识、体系、内容及其实现都将产生积极有效的影响;农民权利的完善和保障是新农村建设能否顺利展开的关键所在,对新农村建设的开展有重要的推进作用.