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1.
祁连山水源涵养林综合效能的计量研究 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
以马克思级差地租理论,建立了祁连山水源涵养林综合效能的评价模型:E=E_d+E_e+E_s;以E与生产投资I的比值为计量水源林的效能指数T,T=E/I。并以祁连山寺大隆森林生态定位研究站实测资料和社会调查数据为计量评价参数,确定其经济评价指标体系和计量系统。结果表明:祁连山水源涵养林综合效能指标为11.93;其中生态效能和社会效能分别是直接经济效能的4.51倍和6.05倍。说明祁连山水源涵养林现行的保护、发展和综合利用的经营方针是正确的。建议河西各受益部门应按水资源效能总收入的0.5%缴作水源林再生产费,以确保国民经济建设的长远发展。 相似文献
2.
浅议我国绿色旅游 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
张洁 《绿色中国(A版)》2005,(18):57-58
文章探讨了我国绿色旅游的兴起、内涵、特点和功能等,讨论了绿色旅游、生态旅游、自然旅游的区别与联系,分析了我国绿色旅游的发展现状和对策。 相似文献
3.
水土保持是山丘区经济发展的根本出路肖秧(四川省人民政府,成都610000)四川地处长江上游,幅员辽阔,境内高山峻岭,江河纵横,是一个有一亿多人口的农业大省。由于历史原因,森林曾遭严重破坏,加之人口众多,人均耕地数量少,垦殖指数高,水土流失十分严重。遥... 相似文献
4.
The re-emergence of indigenous forest in an urban environment, Christchurch, New Zealand 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Glenn H. Stewart Maria E. Ignatieva Colin D. Meurk Richard D. Earl 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2004,2(3):149-158
Christchurch, the second largest city in New Zealand is a planned city on a coastal plain on the east coast of the South Island. The birth of the city and the subsequent century of development was characterised by colonial values and tree and garden planting with familiar European species along with those from Australia, North America, and eventually all other continents. The image of an “English garden city” with classical parks of oaks and willow-lined rivers became the accepted norm and the way in which the city has been promoted to potential tourists. Gardening is one of the top two recreational activities and exotic species greatly outnumber native species in the flora and in gardens. This has had serious consequences for the highly fragmented and degraded indigenous vegetation and its co-adapted wildlife. A few hardy indigenous species continued to regenerate through this period, but since the 1970s, there has been a progressive change of attitude and interest in reclaiming the natural heritage of the city, manifest in widespread private and public planting of indigenous species and active habitat restoration. In this article we examine the indigenous and exotic shrub and tree components of the Christchurch flora as planted street trees, in domestic gardens, and in parks. We also present data on shrub and tree regeneration in parks and domestic gardens in the city. Indications are that the more sensitive, less intrusive management of urban environments, combined with the greater density of indigenous seed sources, has allowed regeneration of a wide range of indigenous species across a broad spectrum of habitats – from neglected gardens to pavement cracks to exotic plantations. This is despite the competition from the prodigious seed banks and density of exotic trees, shrubs, and ground covers and albeit minimal impacts of introduced browsing and seed eating mammals. If the present trends continue through appropriate management and facilitation, these tentative signs of native forest regeneration should eventually proliferate into a sustainable mixed origin urban forest that resurrects and preserves the natural character of the region. 相似文献
5.
结合现行经济学理论界对森林价值的评估,针对高保护价值森林的特征,从生物多样性和生态服务功能两方面对北京市高保护价值森林的价值评估方法进行探讨.结合效用论、边际效益论等理论,根据实地情况,运用支付意愿法、补偿法、替代法等,从森林的实用价值和精神文化价值等方面作了评估方法概述. 相似文献
6.
- 1. Three classes of habitat used by groups of fish species classified as conservation and management priorities were developed for the Gerua River (also known as the Girwa River, Karnali River) in the Ganges river basin. This river is large (mean annual discharge ca 1500 m3 s?1, up to 900 m wide), surrounded by protected lands of India and Nepal, and upstream of major diversions and river alterations.
- 2. Fish and habitat sampling was conducted at 45 sites from 2000 to 2003. Data were analysed for 2172 fish of 14 species. Species and life stages found occupying a statistically distinct subset of the river habitats were grouped to identify classes of river habitat for conservation.
- 3. Most species and life‐stage groups specialized on specific habitat conditions revealed by multivariate analyses of variance and a principal component analysis. The most numerous and diverse group (six species, 15 life stages) was associated with deep depositional habitats with sandy substrate. Two species covering three life stages were primarily oriented to erosional habitat marked by fast current velocity with pebble and cobble substrate. A third group of three species of adults and juveniles were intermediate in habitat use.
- 4. River conservation for fish faunas should maintain both erosional and depositional channel habitats with depths, substrates, and current velocity inclusive of the ranges reported. The erosional and depositional nature of the key habitats requires that rivers be maintained with flows capable of channel‐forming functions.
7.
- 1. The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera L. is globally endangered and is threatened by commercial exploitation, pollution and habitat loss throughout its range. Captive breeding would be a valuable tool in enhancing the status of M. margaritifera in the UK.
- 2. We have developed a semi‐natural system for successfully infecting juvenile brown trout with glochidial M. margaritifera, and culturing juvenile mussels in experimental tanks where glochidial M. margaritifera can excyst from fish gills and settle into sediment.
- 3. Infected fish had less than 1% mortality. Levels of infection varied among fish. Two yearly cohorts of juvenile M. margaritifera were identified from samples of sediment taken from each experimental tank. Individuals range in size from 1.4 mm (2000 cohort) to >3 mm in length (1999 cohort).
- 4. The number of juvenile M. margaritifera present in the two experimental tanks are estimated to be between 3600 (tank A) and 0 (tank B) for the putative 1999 cohort and between 6000 (tank A) and 13 000 (tank B) for the putative 2000 cohort.
- 5. This pioneering method for large‐scale cultivation of juvenile M. margaritifera is intermediate between the release of infected fish into rivers and the intensive cultivation systems developed in continental Europe and the USA for other species of unionid. This is the first time that large numbers of M. margaritifera have been cultured and represents a significant breakthrough in the conservation of this globally endangered Red Data List species. The method is straightforward and is most cost‐effective when undertaken alongside established hatchery processes.
8.
9.
水土保持林草措施具有诸多的生态功能,具体表现为对水源、土壤、固碳、净化、固沙、生物多样性发挥的积极作用.通过对2013年至2015年数据估算得出,我国水土保持林草措施所产生的生态服务功能价值为8318.79亿元.其中,保持与改良土壤价值占比最高. 相似文献
10.