农业科研院所视角下新兴交叉学科发展的思考

新兴交叉学科不仅是重大科学成果产生的源泉,也是解决当今社会发展过程中出现的复杂问题的重要途径.文章梳理了部分农业科研院所在新兴交叉研究领域的动向,从省级农业科研院所角度,深入探讨了新兴交叉学科的发展特点和面临形势,从产业应用目标定位、对外交流合作、复合型人才培养引进、学科建设投入、学科发展规律研究和体制机制创新等方面提出了促进农业科研院所新兴交叉学科发展的建议.     

绥宁县林下经济现状与对策

对绥宁县林下经济的现状进行了阐述，分析了存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策。     

我国各地区经济实力综合评价研究

介绍了主成分与聚类分析方法原理,以8项经济指标构建了综合反映各地区经济实力的评价体系,分析了经济指标间的关系和影响经济发展的主要因素,并对2006年我国大陆31个省(直辖市、自治区)的经济数据,利用多元统计中的主成分和聚类分析方法,对各地区综合经济实力进行了排序和分类.     

Emerging parasitic diseases of sheep

There have been changes in the emergence and inability to control of a number of sheep parasitic infections over the last decade. This review focuses on the more globally important sheep parasites, whose reported changes in epidemiology, occurrence or failure to control are becoming increasingly evident. One of the main perceived driving forces is climate change, which can have profound effects on parasite epidemiology, especially for those parasitic diseases where weather has a direct effect on the development of free-living stages. The emergence of anthelmintic-resistant strains of parasitic nematodes and the increasing reliance placed on anthelmintics for their control, can exert profound changes on the epidemiology of those nematodes causing parasitic gastroenteritis. As a consequence, the effectiveness of existing control strategies presents a major threat to sheep production in many areas around the world. The incidence of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, is inextricably linked to high rainfall and is particularly prevalent in high rainfall years. Over the last few decades, there have also been increasing reports of other fluke associated diseases, such as dicroceliosis and paramphistomosis, in a number of western European countries, possibly introduced through animal movements, and able to establish with changing climates. External parasite infections, such as myiasis, can cause significant economic loss and presents as a major welfare problem. The range of elevated temperatures predicted by current climate change scenarios, result in an elongated blowfly season with earlier spring emergence and a higher cumulative incidence of fly strike. Additionally, legislative decisions leading to enforced changes in pesticide usage and choices have resulted in increased reports and spread of ectoparasitic infections, particularly mite, lice and tick infestations in sheep. Factors, such as dip disposal and associated environmental concerns, and, perhaps more importantly, product availability have led to a move away from more traditional methods of pesticide application, particularly dipping, to the use of injectable endectocides. This has coincided with increased reports of sheep scab and lice infestations in some countries. Reduction in the use of organophosphate dips appears to have to some extent contributed to reported increased populations of ticks and tick activity, a consequence of which is not only of significance to sheep, but also many other hosts, including increased human zoonotic risks.     

Who benefits from international tourism in small Pacific islands? Value capture in the hotel industry in Hawaii

There is a consensus among small Pacific islands that the extent to which they benefit from international tourism largely depends on how much of the value created by tourism remains in the local economy. This study examines how the value created in the hotel industry is distributed among the key stakeholders in a small Pacific island context. We used aggregated income statements of full-service and limited-service hotels from the STR Inc., a hotel industry data company, to calculate the value distribution among the key stakeholders in the hotel industry of a small Pacific island. We found that labour and owners captured most of the value created, whereas hotel management companies and franchisors captured a small share of the value. Our results suggest that tourism workers' ability to take united action and hence to negotiate higher wages will result in higher value capture by local labour and less value leaking out of the local economy. Our results also reveal that foreign ownership in the hotel industry is the single largest cause of economic leakages. The study has several implications for the tourism-based growth policies in small Pacific islands.     

高粱出苗能力与幼苗器官形态的相关分析

用田间出苗率与种子发芽率的比值对高粱出苗能力进行量化测算。结果表明，中国高粱及其衍生系的出苗力值远大于从中东地区和印度国际半干旱研究所引进的高粱，这与中国高粱顶主力强，外引高粱顶土力差，捉苗难的实际情况一致。相关分析表明，高粱出苗力与芽长和根茎长呈高度正相关，与根茎比值呈高度负相关。     

统筹城乡发展中乡村旅游开发与农村空心化治理

农村空心化是近些年来我国城镇化进程中出现的一个突出现实问题,严重影响着社会主义新农村建设和城乡统筹发展。乡村旅游开发凭借其独特的乡村规划、文化传承和就业拓展等功能,对缓解农村空心化、促进城乡统筹发展具有强大的生命力和巨大的发展潜力。乡村旅游开发在吸引农村青年劳动力、荒废土地重置利用、农村风貌改善和农民生活水平提高等方面作用显著。因此,乡村旅游可在旅游经济体的集聚、乡村土地利用规划和旅游小城镇综合建设等农村空心化问题治理方面发挥有效作用,同时需要在战略规划、农民参与、具体实践、制度完善、生态文化保护等方面强化配套。     

Openings in the body of ‘capitalism’: Capital flows and diverse economic possibilities in Kiribati

Much of the post‐development agenda is concerned with decoupling Eurocentric imaginings of development from development practices in ‘remote’ regions and exploring new forms of economy that can enhance local well‐being. In the South Pacific (and elsewhere), small peripheral economies have confronted globalisation in varying ways. Some places, such as the Micronesian island state of Kiribati, have engaged directly with the global economy by investing capital generated locally in international financial markets rather than in domestic industries. Kiribati's trust fund, the Revenue Equalisation Reserve Fund, maintains a balanced portfolio of international equity and fixed income assets that produces a financial return, helping to augment Kiribati's other national income sources. In this paper we explore the results of capital flowing from Kiribati to global financial markets, noting that this alternative development practice can enhance local well‐being.