抗菌肽基因导入桑树获得抗病转基因植株

用携带抗菌肽基因的农杆菌处理桑子叶,在含有羧苄青霉素（Cb）400～500mg／L和卡那霉素（Km）20mg／L的MS培养基上,有32.4％的子叶产生了不定芽;66.5％的不定芽在含有Cb300mg／L和Km30～40mg／L的培养基中,正常生长成2～3cm高的新稍;新梢在含Cb50mg／L和Km10mg／L的生根培养基中有72．6％形成完整根系。3次转化共获得12个株系55株KmR植株。不同株系桑苗叶片DNA点杂交分析显示,7个株系有阳性杂交信号。KmR株系桑苗的抗病性测定显示,5个株系共14株桑苗对青枯病具有较强抗性.     

饲料中添加天蚕素抗菌肽对南美白对虾免疫功能、抗病力的影响

本研究以南美白对虾为研究对象,探究饲料中天蚕素抗菌肽的合适添加量。在饲料中依次添加不同浓度水平（0%、1%、2%、3%、4%和5%）的天蚕素抗菌肽,配制为6种配合饲料,用以投喂南美白对虾,饲养周期8周。结果显示：与对照组相比,饲料中添加天蚕抗菌肽对南美白对虾增重率、蛋白质沉积率和特定生长率有显著影响（P＜0.05）,高水平天蚕素抗菌肽会抑制南美白对虾的增重率和特定生长率,南美白对虾的饵料系数显著下降,但对南美白对虾存活率和摄食率无显著影响（P＞0.05）|随着饲料中天蚕素抗菌肽的添加水平不断增加,3%组南美白对虾的ACP、POD和SOD含量达到最大水平,与对照组有明显差异（P＜0.05）|随着饲料中天蚕素抗菌肽的添加水平的不断上升,3%组南美白对虾的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶含量最高,与对照组存在明显差异（P＜0.05）。结果表明,饲料中添加天蚕素抗菌肽显著提高南美白对虾的增重率和特定生长率,提高南美白对虾的生长发育速度,从而增强机体免疫力,提高南美白对虾的抗病能力。 [关键词]天蚕抗菌肽|南美白对虾|抗病力|免疫功能     

人工合成抗菌肽D2A21基因的克隆和表达

为了获得高效表达的抗菌肽D2A21,本研究根据抗菌肽D2A21的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计并人工合成D2A21基因,并将该合成基因克隆至pProEXHTb载体中,构建成含有含6个组氨酸标签的重组质粒。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌中,经摇瓶发酵,IPTG诱导后,发酵液用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,成功合成D2A21基因,并构建了抗菌肽D2A21表达载体。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,抗菌肽D2A21能够在大肠杆菌中稳定表达。本研究将为大规模表达纯化D2A21及其进一步的研究和利用提供一定基础。     

昆虫抗真菌肽Thanatin-CAD双价基因的合成、克隆及其表达

为促进昆虫抗菌肽基因在转基因抗病育种和生物工程制药的应用,通过设计嵌合引物结合分段PCR的方法将抗真菌肽Thanatin基因与Cecropin AD基因(CAD基因)融合拼接为Thanatin-CAD双价基因,采用T-A克隆法将其克隆至pGEM-T Easy载体,进行测序,结果证实与预期设计的完全一致;然后再将其亚克隆至表达载体pET-21d中,用IPTG诱导含重组表达质粒的菌株,对表达产物进行生物活性测定,初步结果显示Thanatin-CAD双价基因的融合表达产物对受试细菌无抑菌活性,但对部分病原真菌有较强的抑菌作用。     

家蚕和果蝇的抗菌肽cecropin B基因的原核表达及抑菌活性分析

动物抗菌肽天蚕素(cecropin)因具有抗菌谱广、活性较强、不易产生耐药性等特点而成为新型抗菌剂开发的材料。为了探讨通过原核表达的途径高效获取天然cecropin,以重叠PCR方法分别人工合成家蚕(Bombyx mori)和果蝇(Drosophilamelanogaster)的抗菌肽cecropin B基因(CecB2)并克隆至T载体,测序确认后分别克隆至pET-32a载体,转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)宿主菌进行表达。通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测到2种目的蛋白均得到表达,但表达量存在差异,Bradford法测定纯化后的BmCecB2融合蛋白和DmCecB2融合蛋白的质量浓度分别为0.6、2.0 mg/mL。经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化和透析处理后的2种产物的抗菌活性存在明显差异:DmCecB2和BmCecB2的质量浓度为10 mg/mL时,对E.coli DH5α的抑菌圈直径分别为15、8 mm左右,最小抑菌浓度分别为0.05、0.10 mg/mL。以上结果说明DmCecbB2的原核表达效率及表达产物的抑菌活性均明显高于BmCecB2。用生物信息学方法分析家蚕和果蝇的CecB2蛋白在结构上存在差异,这可能是导致2种产物活性不同的主要原因。     

人工合成Cecropin AD基因在酵母中表达

Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ ＡＤ 是由Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ Ａ的Ｎ 端１ １１ 位氨基酸残基和Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ Ｄ 的Ｃ 端１２ ３７ 位氨基酸残基构成的一个杂合肽,抗菌活性高于天然抗菌肽。根据Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ ＡＤ 的氨基酸序列,以酵母偏爱密码设计了Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ ＡＤ 基因,全长１４０ｂｐ 。采用基因片段化学合成结合ＰＣＲ 法合成Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ ＡＤ 基因。合成的Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ ＡＤ 基因克隆到ｐＣＲＴＭ２１ 上,进行ＤＮＡ 序列测定,证实合成的Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ ＡＤ 基因的ＤＮＡ 序列与设计序列完全一致。将Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ 基因定向克隆到大肠杆菌 酵母穿梭质粒ｐＣＬＷＡ２ 的Ｂａｍ ＨＩ和Ｓａｌ Ⅰ位点上,构建成含Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ 基因的重组质粒ｐＣＡＤ,将重组质粒转化入宿主酵母ＡＢ１０３ ,以大肠杆菌Ｋ１２Ｄ３１ 为指示菌,用活性蛋白酸性ＰＡＧＥ 法测定,具有抑菌活性,表明Ｃｅｃｒｏｐｉｎ 基因在酵母中获得表达。     

天蚕素类抗菌肽抗菌性能测定及其性质研究

利用天蚕素类抗菌肽产品(有效成分为10%)检测其抗菌性能及各项抗菌性质,为今后将其应用于饲料工业打下基础。结果表明:该产品对于大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈分别为11mm、10mL、14.5mm,三者最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4500ug/mL、3500μg/mL、3500μg/mL,此外,该产品耐热性和耐酸性效果较佳,在100℃水浴15min后或pH值为1.0仍表现出对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗性。据此试验,推荐其在试验动物日粮中添加量为3500μg/mL。     

Bactericidal activity of cecropin B and cecropin P1 expressed in fish cells (CHSE-214): application in controlling fish bacterial pathogens

Cecropins are a group of antimicrobial peptides which have bactericidal activity against a broad range of bacteria. To date, the cecropins used in a variety of studies were either purified from their natural source or obtained by chemical synthesis. The present study was conducted to test whether bactericidally active cecropins could be expressed in a fish cell line. For this purpose, Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) were transfected with cecropin transgene constructs: Hyalophora cecropia preprocecropin B, procecropin B, cecropin B, and porcine P₁ cecropin. From the transfected cells, single cell clones were selected and screened for the presence of cecropin gene constructs by PCR amplification. The expression of the cecropin transgene in the PCR positive clones was determined by RT-PCR reaction. Southern blot hybridization results showed that the cecropin gene constructs were integrated into the genome in a multiple integration pattern. Bactericidal activity of the cecropins, synthesized from transgene constructs, was detected using inhibition zone assay for fish pathogenic bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Vibrio anguillarum. Cecropin antimicrobial peptides produced in CHSE-214 cells possess bactericidal activity against these three fish pathogenic bacteria.     

Drugs from bugs: the use of insects as a valuable source of transgenes with potential in modern plant protection strategies

Transgenic expression of antimicrobial peptides in crops has become a novel approach among the strategies to combat phytopathogens in modern plant protection measures. The first antimicrobial transgenes of insect origin, modified cecropins, have been demonstrated to confer resistance of several transgenic cultivars against both bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. Insects represent a promising reservoir for antimicrobial peptides to engineer disease resistant crops. The increasing knowledge about the potent insect innate immunity may help to develop a novel strategy in sustainable agriculture. Several approaches are presently under investigation to prevent evolution of phytopathogens that can overcome disease resistance in transgenic crops expressing an insect antimicrobial peptide. Pathogen-induced expression of insect antimicrobial peptides in crops and combined multiple expression of different antimicrobial peptides along with proteinase inhibitors from insects may prevent selection of resistant phytopathogens. The potential of insect antimicrobial peptides as transgenes to render disease resistant crops has just started to be explored and may provide tools to be ahead of the evolutionary adaptability of phytopathogens.     

蚕抗菌肽AD-酵母制剂对粤黄鸡肠道消化酶和饲料品质的影响

添加蚕抗菌肽AD-酵母制剂(CADYP)500g／t(活性剂量为30u／g料)以研究其对鸡小肠内容物酶活性、饲料能量和氮利用率及饲料中细菌和霉菌繁殖的影响。结果表明：CADYP，对粤黄鸡小肠内容物中淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性和饲料营养价值无不良影响；对饲料中霉菌繁殖无抑制作用，但能有效地抑制饲料中细菌的繁殖。