Alternative Route of Infection for Bacterial Seedling Blight of Rice Caused by Burkholderia plantarii

Burkholderia plantarii , the pathogen of bacterial seedling blight of rice, was detected in paddy water. Its concentration rose in July and August. The bacterial concentration in the paddy water was always higher along levees than at distances more than 5 m from levees. Confirmed to be released into water when graminaceous weeds were immersed, B. plantarii survived for at least 4 days at 30°C. B. plantarii was splashed at least 30 cm upward by rain splash in the field. Harvested seeds, which had been sprayed with B. plantarii released from graminaceous weeds at the flowering stage, retained the bacteria. Bacterial seedling blight occurred when the seeds were then sown in nursery boxes. These results indicated that graminaceous weeds growing on levees of paddy fields are a source of infection of the disease and that rice seeds are infected through the paddy water. Received 23 May 2002/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 2002     

中国的一个新记录属——冠生刺菌属

基于采自滇中哀牢山区的标本 ,报道我国的一个新记录属———冠生刺菌属CreolophusP .Karst.,并根据其主要特征把齿耳属SteccherinumGray的肉齿耳S .cir rhatum (Pers.exFr .)Teng归并到Creolophus属中。同时对有争议的相似种C .cirrhatus (Pers .exFr .)Karst.和C .corrugatum (Fr.)P .Karst.(=HydnumcorrugatumFr.)进行了比较研究 ,根据盖缘是否具有生殖能力的菌刺 ,提出两者应作为不同的种来处理。     

Co-inoculation of selected nodule endophytic rhizobacterial strains with Rhizobium tropici promotes plant growth and controls damping off in common bean

Production of common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)is limited by the occurrence of damping off(rhizoctoniosis),which is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani.However,the co-inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)involved in biological control along with diatomic nitrogen(N2)-fixing rhizobia can enhance N nutrition and increase production.In this context,finding microorganisms with synergistic effects that perform these two roles is of fundamental importance to ensure adequate yield levels.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation of nodule endophytic strains of the genera Bacillus,Paenibacillus,Burkholderia,and Pseudomonas with Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899,an N2-fixing rhizobial strain,on the biocontrol of damping off and growth promotion in common bean plants.Greenhouse experiments were conducted under axenic conditions using the common bean cultivar Pérola.The first experiment evaluated the potential of the 14 rhizobacterial strains,which were inoculated alone or in combination with CIAT 899,for the control of R.solani.The second experiment evaluated the ability of these 14 rhizobacterial strains to promote plant growth with three manners of N supply:co-inoculation with CIAT 899 at low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),low mineral N supply(5.25 mg N mL^-1),and high mineral N supply(52.5 mg N mL^-1).The use of rhizobacteria combined with rhizobia contributed in a synergistic manner to the promotion of growth and the control of damping off in the common bean.Co-inoculation of the strains UFLA 02-281/03-18(Pseudomonas sp.),UFLA 02-286(Bacillus sp.),and UFLA 04-227(Burkholderia fungorum)together with CIAT 899 effectively controlled damping off.For the common bean,mineral N supply can be replaced by the co-inoculation of CIAT 899 with plant growth-promoting strains UFLA 02-281/02-286/02-290/02-293.Nodule endophytes UFLA02-281/02-286 are promising for co-inoculation with CIAT 899 in the common bean,promoting synergy with rhizobial inoculation and protection against disease.     

Two New Genera and Species of Blennocampinae from Sichuan and Yunnan (Hymenoptera:Blennocampidae)

本文记述川滇地区蔺叶蜂科蔺叶蜂亚科两新属新种：亮背卜氏叶蜂Ｂｕａｍｅｔａｌｉｃａｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新属新种，红胸滇片叶蜂Ｄｉａｎｓｔｅｔｈｕｓｒｕｆｉｔｈｏｒａｃｉｃｕｓｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新属新种，两新属均隶属于等节叶蜂族Ｐｈｙｍａｔｏｃｅｒｉｎｉ．卜氏叶蜂属与ＰｈｙｍａｔｏｃｅｒｏｐｓｉｓＲｏｈｗｅｒ和ＤｉｃｒｏｓｔｅｍａＢｅｎｓｏｎ二属近似，区别为：新属虫体瘦长，前胸背板侧叶无斜脊前沟，前翅２Ｒｓ室长于１Ｒ１和１Ｒｓ室之和，后翅臀室具长柄，锯背片无节缝刺列．此外，新属与Ｄｉｃｒｏｓｔｅｍａ的区别还有２Ａ＋３Ａ脉端部上曲，颚眼距较狭窄；与Ｐｈｙｍａｔｏｃｅｒｏｐｓｉｓ的区别还有后翅Ｍ室封闭，唇基端部截形．滇片叶蜂属与ＰｈｙｍａｔｏｃｅｒｏｐｓｉｓＲｏｈｗｅｒ最接近，其区别为新属爪具显著基片、后颊脊缺、后翅具封闭的Ｍ室和锯背片具节缝刺等．     

江苏主要观赏竹种的形态特征及其园林配置Ⅰ.刚竹属

简要地论述了江苏刚竹属10个观赏竹种及其12个变种与变型的形态特征、分布以及栽培技术与园林配置和经济利用价值。     

我国华枝属的种类及检索

本文报道了我国华枝属的特征、种类及分布，将这些种类（雄性）的重要特征列表检索并附图     

细鳞鱼属的研究和河北北部的细鳞鱼

分布在黑龙江、新疆、图门江、秦岭、河北北部的细鳞鱼,它们的主要性状如:侧线鳞数、鳃耙数、幽门盲囊数、鳍条数及斑点的大小等,差异不明显,均为Brachymystax lenok(Pallas)种。Nichol和Pope曾报导和记录过河北北部及热河地区可能有细鳞鱼的分布。1975年笔者从汤河上游采到了标本,并对塞罕坝的细鳞鱼进行了生态研究。     

中国古代养兔发展史

从化石和历史文献角度概述了我国古今存在的兔种,分析了我国家兔起源驯化过程,并通过历代对兔的记载纵观我国养兔发展,为我国家兔起源及驯化历史提供一定参考依据。     

Characterization of Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 for Phenol Degradation and Plant Growth Promotion and Its Application in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

A key issue when researching land degradation is the pollution of soils. For bioremediation of contaminated soil, Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 cells were obtained from soil and grown on mineral salt medium with initial phenol concentrations of 650 mg L⁻¹ and 850 mg L⁻¹, which were found to degrade more than 98% of phenol content in less than 4 days. About 90% of phenol content (with initial concentration of 250 mg kg⁻¹ soil) was removed from soil inoculated with XTB‐5 cells in 6 days. More than 90% of phenol content was removed within 20 days after co‐introduction of XTB‐5 cells and plants to sterilized soil in a greenhouse or to natural soil in field trials. But under the same conditions, individual introduction of plants to sterilized soil in the greenhouse reduced phenol content by about 50% and introduction to natural soil in field trials reduced phenol content by about 38%, suggesting that phytoremediation of phenol is often inefficient and microorganisms can efficiently degrade this pollutant. In addition, strain XTB‐5 was found to solubilize phosphate and produce 1‐Aminocyclopropane‐1‐Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and siderophore. Strain XTB‐5 promoted plant growth in both phenol‐absent and phenol‐spiked soil under greenhouse and field conditions. Considering that ACC deaminase is beneficial to plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, plant growth promotion by XTB‐5 in phenol‐contaminated soil is not only due to XTB‐5 cell‐degradation of phenol and reduced phytotoxicity but also to production of ACC deaminase. Hence, Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 presents an attractive microorganism for phytoremediation of contaminated soil and agronomic application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水蜡蛾中国属及其地理分布

本文将水蜡蛾科（Brahmaeidae）的中国种归属问题进行了统一，并把外生殖器特征纳入属征，系统描述了各届特征和在中国的分布。