Prediction of baking results from farinograph measurements by using stepwise linear regression and artificial neuronal networks

In an effort to extract additional data from farinograph experiments a model was developed to simulate the measurements and correlate the parameters of the model with results from baking tests. This additional information can be used in bakeries to predict the baking properties of the flours and adjust the recipes to maintain a constant product quality. For this eight different flours were characterized with a farinograph and 13 different results from baking experiments. An approach with five nonlinear differential equations was able to model the farinograph measurements very well (average R² = 0.995 ± 0.005). While a stepwise multilinear regression only showed weak correlations in cross validation between a single parameter of the model and the baking volume (R² = 0.745) and the volume yield (R² = 0.796) respectively, the artificial neuronal network was more successful. For the baking weight (R² = 0.926), the dough yield gross (R² = 0.909) and net (R² = 0.913) strong correlations were found. A good correlation for the baking volume (R² = 0.853) was also determined, while the volume yield showed comparable results to the linear regression (R² = 0.792).     

商州丹江源湿地公园建设与保护

商州丹江源湿地公园的建设对于保证“南水北调”中线工程水源水质、改善湿地生态环境、建设生态文明,提高湿地保护意识,探索湿地资源保护途径等具有十分重要作用。论文依据湿地公园的功能定位,明确建设和设计的原则,提出设计内容和规模,使之成为以湿地保育、科学研究、湿地游憩、避暑度假、生活休闲、文化探寻等活动为主的湿地公园。     

The effects of density and artificial substrate on intensive shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei nursery production

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) can be installed indoors, allowing year-round production of tropical animals in nearly any climate. A nursery phase is commonly used in Litopenaeus vannamei production since it allows for enhanced biosecurity and better quantification of animals while reducing space requirements. However, it is unclear whether animal density and inclusion of artificial substrate may improve shrimp performance during the nursery phase. In this experiment, we compared shrimp production parameters in two stocking densities with or without the use of an artificial substrate by creating four treatments: low-density LD; 1500 PL/m⁻³, low-density with substrate LDS, high-density HD; 3000 PL/m⁻³), and high-density with substrate (HDS). The LDS and HDS treatments included 0.46-m² of high-density polyethylene 2.5-cm mesh as a substrate, which increased the tank surface area by 21 %. Each treatment was randomly assigned to four 160-l culture tanks, each with a biofilter. The shrimp had an initial weight of 4 mg and were grown for 50 days. The low-density treatments had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH than the high-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001). Specifically, LDS had the highest DO and pH followed by the LD, HD, and HDS treatments, respectively. High-density treatments had significantly higher NO₂-N levels than low-density treatments during week 2 of the experiment when an unusually high concentration of nitrite was observed. FCR was significantly lower in both low-density treatments than in high-density treatments. At harvest, the total biomass (kg m⁻³) was significantly higher in high-density treatments than in low-density treatments (P ≤ 0.001), and the HDS treatment had a significantly greater biomass output than HD. Producers should consider artificial substrate and higher densities during nursery production to maximize shrimp production; however, the effects on water quality should also be taken into account.     

扁穗牛鞭草人工草地中空心莲子草杂草防除效果研究

利用水花生净除莠剂可有效地防除扁穗牛鞭草人工草地中的杂草空心莲子草,平均株防效达26.7%～99.8%,并且在较高防效下药剂对扁穗牛鞭草较为安全。在空心莲子草杂草生长盛期,14%的水花生净乳油以浓度为675ml/hm2～900ml/hm2、各处理对水600ml的防除效果最佳,可达到100%。综合考虑,以525ml/hm2～675ml/hm2的浓度为宜。     

我国中央山系东段演化及其对黄河河道及东平湖的影响

根据2603a有史记载以来黄河河道变迁和春秋以来东平湖演变历史，本文提出我国中央山系东段碰撞和松弛导致的地势上升和下降是影响黄河河道变迁和东平湖演变的重要因素。山系碰撞上升造成黄河河道向北西迁移，东平湖湿地北漫；山系松弛下降导致黄河河道向东南迁移，东平湖南泛。     

落叶松人工林林分径级结构的研究

本文描述了落叶松人工林抚育后径级结构特征。试验表明，抚育后的林分在一定密度条件下，其密度遵从Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布，并能保持相当长的时间不变；其密度较大，Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ参数值在２～３间变动，ｂ值在６～８间变动；稀疏时不能用Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布模拟。     

川北地区稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹试验初探

本试验在四川山间湿地利用农田0.62公顷养殖中华绒螯蟹，放养苗种为1272只(135只／667m^2)，个体均重7g／只左右，经160d饲养，捕获绒螯蟹875只，个体均重136．7g／只，回捕率为68.8％，饵料系数为2．45，同时水稻产量3529．7kg(375．5kg／667m^2)，其总收获利润为416元／667m^2。     

家蚕种茧育稚蚕人工饲料育的比较试验

通过对日系种茧育稚蚕人工饲料育繁育的一代杂交种进行比较试验。探讨人工饲料在种茧育上的应用可能性。     

黑鹳F2的人工孵化及育雏的研究

2001～2004年在齐齐哈尔市龙沙公园对黑鹳F2的5只雏鸟的人工孵化温度和湿度进行记录。并对人工育雏成活的雏鸟的一系列生长指标如：体重、体长、喙长、翅长、跗跖长和尾长等进行测量，探讨黑鹳体长、体重等生长指标生长变化规律。结果表明：黑鹳卵的前中期（1～29d）孵化温度为37．7℃，湿度为55％，后期（29～31d）出雏温度为37℃，相对湿度65％；育雏箱的温度前7d为37℃，以后以每天0．5℃幅度逐渐降低，箱内湿度保持在55％，20日龄后可在室温下饲养；黑鹳F2雏鸟各生长指标的增长呈Logistic曲线。     

高寒地区不同建植期人工草地群落垂直结构和生产力变化的研究

对高寒地区不同建植期人工草地群落垂直结构和生产力的变化研究结果表明：（1）随着人工草地建植时间的延长,人工草地群落垂穗披碱草高度异质性逐渐减小.（2） 不同建植期（1999、1998、1997年建植）人工草地垂穗披碱草和群落平均地上生物量均主要分布在0 ～20cm冠层中,约占平均地上生物量的61.03%、90.64%、84.55%和67.47%、92.54%、86.08%.（3） 不同建植期 （1999、1998、1997年建植）人工草地群落平均地下生物量均主要分布在0～10cm土层中,约占地下总生物量的85.97%、81.73%和78.47%.（4） 建植的人工草地如果其组分单一,即物种的丰富度很低时,均匀度增加,物种对环境资源的竞争力和利用率提高,导致土壤资源库中某些营养成分缺乏,草地群落初级生产力因此而降低。