紫椴组培快繁技术研究

为探索建立紫椴组织培养快速繁育体系,以紫椴种子为材料,探讨基本培养基、植物生长调节剂浓度及配比对紫椴组培快繁效果的影响。结果表明,增殖培养基以1/2MS培养基最适宜,添加0.05 mg/L 6-BA和0.03 mg/L IBA后,增殖系数可达13.5;MS培养基最适宜做壮苗培养基和生根培养基,最佳壮苗培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.03 mg/LGA₃,平均苗高达5.15 cm;最佳生根培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA,生根率达93.3%,生根数达5.7根。     

外源一氧化氮对盐胁迫下山葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

采用营养液水培试验,研究了外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对盐胁迫下山葡萄‘双丰’1a生扦插苗叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:外源NO提高了盐胁迫下山葡萄叶片PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低了PSⅡ的激发能压力(1-qP);另外,在一定程度上提高了盐胁迫下最大潜在电子传递速率(rETRm)、半饱和光强(Ik)和快速光曲线的初始斜率(α)。表明外源NO通过减少过剩激发能的压力,提高了光合电子传递效率,减轻不可逆光抑制,进而缓解盐胁迫对山葡萄光合机构的伤害,提高其耐盐性。     

酿酒山葡萄新品种‘紫晶甘露’

‘紫晶甘露’是以优质酿酒山葡萄酒品种‘左山二’为母本,‘哈桑’为父本杂交选育而成的能够单品种酿造干红酒的山葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形,有岐肩或副穗。果实圆球形,果皮黑色,果肉绿色,无肉囊,种子2 ~ 4粒。生长势强,抗寒、抗病性极强,4年丰产,4 ~ 6年平均产量1 876 kg • km-2。果实可溶性固形物含量达到21.0%,总酸11.6 g • L-1,出汁率65.5%。     

多棘海盘车用作新型海洋食品原料的可行性研究

多棘海盘车（ Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ） 在中国沿海居民中有长期食用的历史,其可食部为生殖腺（ 海星黄） ,但有麻辣感。海星黄含蛋白质达１５ ．４６ ％ ,其氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸间比例合理。海星黄还富含微量元素、维生素、脂肪等营养元素,脂质中不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为丰富。海星黄麻辣味可能由硫酸酯甾体皂甙引起,大部分可通过脱麻辣味及脱毒操作除去。急性毒性试验中,小鼠灌胃８ 和１２ ｇ／ｋｇ 脱毒的海星黄,未见毒性反应;短期喂养试验（１２ ｇ／ｋｇ ,３０ ｄ） 也未见毒性反应。两项试验中,小鼠肝、心、肾、肺和脾均未见异常。建议人的最大无毒剂量１ ｇ／ｋｇ ,最大允许摄入剂量０ ．５ ｇ／ｋｇ 。海星黄经脱麻辣味及脱毒、调味等步骤,制得２ 种食品,具有较好的感观且营养丰富。海星壳所含蛋白质主要为胶原蛋白,以胃蛋白酶促溶蛋白为主,具有典型胶原蛋白氨基酸组成特点,可在食品工业用作明胶。初步结论为,多棘海盘车可用作高营养、无毒、加工利用性好的新型海洋食品原料。     

山葡萄‘双红’、‘双优’在戈壁滩上栽培的表现

报道我国西部栽培的‘双红’和‘双优’两个山葡萄品种不埋土能正常越冬,调查、测定和分析这两个山葡萄品种在冬季寒冷、冬春又极干旱的西部戈壁滩上栽培的生产表现。两个山葡萄品种根系耐低温能力比欧亚种酿酒葡萄品种强,枝条保水能力更强,因此,在干旱荒漠的戈壁石砾地上不埋土能安全越冬和抗御春日多风和干旱。一年生枝条长势好,花芽能正常形成,但在开花季节花序干枯和脱落现象严重。‘双红’、‘双优’山葡萄表现生产性能差、果穗少、果穗小、穗重轻、果粒小,故产量低,仅为原产地的1／3,但其品质好,可溶性固形物高出3．9～4．6个百分点。为使‘双红’、‘双优’在河西戈壁滩上栽培,既不埋土又有较高的产量,提出一些解决措施。     

4种外源激素对珍稀濒危植物风箱果嫩枝扦插繁殖的影响

不同生长激素种类、浓度处理对风箱果嫩枝扦插插穗生根影响的研究结果表明：100×10^-6mg／mL NAA处理的插穗生根率最高,1000×10^-6mg／mL的GGR发生不定根数量最多、最长。综合分析发现：4种外源激素处理对风箱果插穗生根都有明显的影响,500×10^-6-2000×10^-6mg／mL浓度范围对插穗生根有良好的促进作用,50×10^-6～200×10^-6mg／mL浓度处理的效果较差。     

环境因素对风箱果种子萌发的影响

以风箱果自然成熟的种子为研究对象,对影响种子萌发的环境因素进行了研究.结果表明:种子属于需光性种子,光照能够促进种子萌发.在10～25℃条件下,种子均能萌发,以20℃发芽率最高[(78.33±1.67)%],萌发速度最快[(23.61±2.29)%];播种深度显著影响种子的出苗率(P<0.01),不覆土(O cm)出苗率高达(68.33±6.01)%;超过0.5 cm,出苗率显著降低,2 cm时出苗率为O;种子在土壤中萌发时,土壤的适宜含水量为40%,此时出苗最快[(15.44±0.15)%],出苗率最高[(51.67±1.67)%],幼苗的死亡率也较低[(16.67±8.82)%].自然条件下,温度不是种子萌发的限制因子,影响风箱果种子萌发和幼苗成功定居的关键因子是土壤含水量、光照以及播种深度.     

东北过伐林椴树生长过程与生长模型的研究

利用吉林省汪清县金沟岭林场收集的38株过伐林椴树解析木资料,研究椴树年龄与树高、胸径、材积之间的相关关系,分别拟合椴树最优树高-年龄、胸径-年龄、材积-年龄的生长方程,经检验达到精度要求,为预测该地区椴树树高、胸径、蓄积的生长提供理论依据。     

Modelling land use strategies to optimise crop production and protection of ecologically important weed species

There is a need to develop farming systems that enable both a satisfactory level of crop production and suitable environmental conditions for natural species. Wildlife‐friendly cropping techniques, such as a reduced amount of applied herbicide or a lower crop density, might be adopted in order to maintain populations of weed species of biological interest. An alternative might be to adopt an intensive cropping system in a part of the field and spare the other part as set‐aside or field margins, available for the natural development of plant species. The objective of this study was to present a method to compare two strategies for maintaining a desirable level of abundance of a given species of interest in agricultural areas, specifically (i) a strategy based on a wildlife‐friendly cropping system in a large cultivated area and (ii) a strategy based on a more intensive cropping system in a reduced area of cultivation, i.e. with land‐sparing. The principle is to calculate the ratio of crop production obtained with strategy (i) to the production obtained with strategy (ii) for a given target density of natural species. We show that the value of this ratio, and thus the relative performance of the two strategies, depends on the density of the weed species that can be maintained in an uncultivated ecological area. The method is applied in case studies of two plant species with contrasting ecology and conservation goals. The numerical results show that the strategy based on a wildlife‐friendly cropping system is more profitable in most situations.     

Fallen wood decomposition of Pinus koraiensis and Tilia amurensis

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