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Catherine Bradley Suresh Andrew Sethi Joshua Ashline Jonathon Gerken 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):695-706
In this study, we examined summer and fall freshwater rearing habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the quickly urbanising Big Lake drainage in south‐central Alaska. Habitat use was assessed by regressing fish count data against habitat survey information across thirty study sites using generalised linear mixed models. Habitat associations were examined by age‐0 and age‐1+ cohorts separately, providing an opportunity to compare habitat use across different juvenile coho salmon life stages during freshwater rearing. Regression results indicated that the age‐0 cohorts were strongly associated with shallow, wide stream reaches with in‐stream vegetation, whereas age‐1+ cohorts were associated with deeper stream reaches. Furthermore, associations between fork length and habitat characteristics suggest cohort‐specific habitat use patterns are distinct from those attributable to fish size. Habitat use information generated from this study is being used to guide optimal fish passage restoration planning in the Big Lake drainage. Evidence for habitat use partitioning by age cohort during freshwater juvenile rearing indicates that pooling age cohorts into a single “juvenile” stage for the purposes of watershed management may mask important habitat use dynamics. 相似文献
3.
基于GIS与RS的北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究北方防沙屏障带生态系统格局演变特征,对加强屏障带建设、改善生态环境具有重要意义。以北方防沙屏障带为研究区,根据2005、2010、2015年MODIS遥感影像,将北方防沙屏障带生态系统类型划分为森林、草地、湿地、农田、城镇、荒漠和裸地7类。采用空间统计、转移矩阵、景观指数分析法、PNTIL模型等方法,对北方防沙屏障带2005—2015年生态系统类型时空演变特征进行分析。结果表明,2005—2015年北方防沙屏障带生态系统整体呈稳定状态;从分屏障带看,内蒙古防沙屏障带荒漠面积明显减少,塔里木防沙屏障带森林面积迅速增加,而河西走廊防沙屏障带草地面积明显增加;从正/逆转换方向来看,屏障带内农田、城镇、荒漠及裸地生态系统正向转换率高于逆向转换率。10年间,在景观水平上,北方防沙屏障带斑块数量、斑块密度呈减少趋势;在类型水平上荒漠景观整体呈现破碎化萎缩的趋势特征,森林、草地向形状简单化的方向发展。研究表明,2005—2015年,北方防沙屏障带生态总体向好,治沙效果明显,但局部仍面临较大压力。 相似文献
4.
Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) in response to a restoration of longitudinal connectivity 下载免费PDF全文
Peter M. Kiffney Ben Cram Paul L. Faulds Karl Burton Michele Koehler Thomas P. Quinn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(4):1037-1053
To examine the role of longitudinal connectivity on the spatial and temporal dynamics of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni), we quantified movement and population dynamics following installation of the Landsburg Dam fishway, Cedar River, WA, USA. Mountain whitefish is widely distributed, poorly studied and not the focus of restoration. Before the fishway, mountain whitefish were not observed above the dam. Here, we focus on snorkel counts collected at reach and mesohabitat (e.g. pools) scales over 11 summers on the 20‐km above‐dam segment following restoration. A camera within the ladder provided number, size and movement timing, thereby informing on behaviour and recolonisation. Segment‐scale abundance increased following fish passage reaching an asymptote in 7 years, and mountain whitefish were detected throughout the main stem in 10 years. Annual movement through the ladder increased over time and was positively correlated with instream abundance and discharge, but negatively correlated with water temperature. About 60% of fish movements occurred in spring and early summer, potentially for foraging opportunities. Reach‐scale abundance peaked between 7 and 10 km from the dam; deep, cool (~10.6 to 11.6°C) conditions characterised these reaches. At the mesohabitat scale, mountain whitefish detection increased with depth and velocity after accounting for distance from the dam. Our results show how restoring longitudinal connectivity allowed this nontarget species to colonise newly available habitat. Their response supports the critical roles of longitudinal connectivity and environmental conditions, that manifest at different spatial scales, in dictating how freshwater fish respond to habitat disturbance. 相似文献
5.
三种草坪草净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化特点研究 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
研究了在晴天的条件下,假俭草、细叶结缕草和地毯草净光合速率和蒸腾整编的日变化特点。结果表明:(1)假俭草和细叶绍缕草的净光合速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为三峰型,3种草出现峰值的时间不同,均有明显的“午睡”现象,日平均净光全速率的大小顺序为俭草>地毯草>细叶结缕草;(2)假俭草和细叶结缕草的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为单峰型,3种草出现峰值的时间有所判差别,“午睡”现象均不明显,日平均蒸腾速率的大小顺序为细叶绍缕草>地毯草>假俭草;(3)不同生态因子与3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度均不相等。同种态因子与不同草坪草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度也不一样。 相似文献
6.
利用蛋白质含量不同的6个亲本的不完全双列杂交的F1,F2代资料,分析了蛋白质含量的遗传变异趋势及与其他性状间的相互关系。结果表明,双亲的蛋白质含量差异大,F2变异程度也大。蛋白质含量的遗传力较高,可在F2代选择并能获得一定的遗传进度,F1,F2代的蛋白地岑与母本的含量及双亲中亲值呈极显著的正相关。F2代的蛋白质含量与百粒重呈极显著的正相关,与脂肪含量呈极著的负相关。 相似文献
7.
寄生虫的抗原变异 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
文章对寄生虫的抗原变异情况和消除抗原变异对免疫预防影响的主要方面进行了评述,许多种类寄生虫绝大部分表面怕变异频繁,从而逃避了宿主动物的免疫作用,变异最频繁的是各种寄生于人和哺乳动物的锥虫,其次是寄生于人和灵长类动物的几种疟原虫,再其次是寄生于哺乳动物和人的巴贝斯虫,还有几种属鞭毛虫纲、孢子虫纲和蠕虫的寄生虫,一般认为导致抗原变异的作用机制是表达抗原的基因发生了改变,正在表达的基因停止表达,而同时另一个基因却活化了,对于某些寄生虫抗原变异的规律虽已有揭示,但尚未揭示清全部主要规律,另一些种类寄生虫的抗原变异规律尚不清楚,基因活化的调控亦不甚清楚。抗原变异逃避了宿主动物的免疫,人们已提出了多种克服了的方法与设想,有些已在实验试验中出现端倪,但尚未形成临床上实用的技术,文章对它们也进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
税世荣 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1990,(1)
荒漠水源奇缺,常有干渴威协。骆驼长期在这种自然选择下,造就出一种十分惊人的耐干渴能力,十日不饮可照常供使役,30~40日内缺水不致有生命危险。据研究认为,骆驼高度耐渴的机理主要在于:一次能饮入60~80升甚至更多的水;能饮用含盐量相当高的水;血液和体液中保存水的能力很强;能节约散热、呼吸、排尿、排粪过程中的水份消耗;有较高排泄浓缩尿的能力;可有效利用体内的代谢水;即使高度失水(达体重的30%)也能短期耐受过去。正因其耐渴能力强,所以才使人类开发利用荒漠成为可能;使大面积缺水草埸和其它家畜所不能利用的灌木类植物得到合理利用;还能在缺水条件下持续分泌稀薄的低脂肪驼乳,为沙漠旅行者提供上等饮料。 相似文献
9.
Genetic diversity estimates in Cicer using AFLP analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to evaluate the genetic variation among cultivated chickpea and wild Cicer relatives. In total, 214 marker loci were assessed, of which 211 were polymorphic (98.6%) across the 95 accessions that represented 17 species of Cicer. The genetic variation within a species was highest in C. pinnatifidum followed by C. reticulatum and lowest in C. macracanthum. Three main species groups were identified by UPGMA clustering using Nei's pair‐wise distance calculations. Group I included the cultivated species C. arietinum, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. Within this group, C. reticulatum accessions were clustered closest to the C. arietinum cultivars ‘Lasseter’, ‘Kaniva’ and ‘Bumper’, supporting the hypothesis that C. reticulatum is the most probable progenitor of the cultivated species. Cicer bijugum, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum were clustered together creating group II. Group III contained all nine perennial species assessed and two annual species C. yamashitae and C. cuneatum. The genetic distance detected between group I and group III (0.13) was equivalent to the genetic distance detected between group I and group II (the primary and annual tertiary species, respectively; 0.14). This indicated that the perennial tertiary species may be as valuable for increasing variation to incorporate novel germplasm in the cultigen as the annual tertiary species. 相似文献
10.