MENSURATION OF THE NORMAL PITUITARY GLAND FROM MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES IN 96 DOGS

The pituitary gland was measured from transverse magnetic resonance T1-weighted images after Gadolinium administration in 96 dogs weighing from 13 to 45 kg. The measurements were done by hand with calipers. The mean (+/- standard deviation) pituitary gland height was 5.1 mm (+/-0.9 mm). The mean width was 6.4 mm (+/- 1.1 mm). The correlation coefficient between pituitary and brain measurements, between pituitary measurement and body weight, and brain measurements and body weight was 0.0 to 0.3. A hyperintense region was present on T1-weighted images in the center of the pituitary gland in 64% of the dogs. At necropsy the pituitary glands were grossly and histologically normal. No pituitary gland measurements were performed at necropsy.     

Analysis of a Long-term Experiment with Repeated-measurement Models

Long‐term experiments are a classical case of repeated measurements. Traits are measured on the same experimental unit over many years so that correlations arise between the observations made on the same plot in consecutive years. This paper describes the analysis of a three‐crop‐rotation long‐term experiment. We analysed the yields of the crops and the organic carbon content in the topsoil over 30 consecutive years. Several variance–covariance approaches are discussed and the trait‐specific best fit is interpreted. Mixed models are used to describe the structure of the experiment. Both yields and soil organic carbon show a more or less pronounced variance heterogeneity. Especially for yields, the heterogeneity of cycles and years is dominant. The consideration of correlations results in a better model fit in all cases.     

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

Analysis of Measurement Items Composition under Bills Pricing Mode

This paper analyzes contractor's pricing connotation during bidding period with the implementation of National Standard GB50500-2003 and publish of document JB \206,expatiates the contents of measurements during construction period.Considering the problems derived from expenses of measurements during accounts settlement stage,a classified management method according to the characteristics of these measurements is put forward,and one step further,the rational pricing method of measurement items during the bidding period is suggested.     

The quality of service provided by the irrigation department to the users associations, Tunuyan System, Mendoza, Argentina

The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.     

The form of the calibration curve of a neutron moisture meter near the soil surface

Abstract

A considerable increase in accuracy of soil moisture determinations near the soil surface was possible with the depth probe of a neutron moisture meter when quadratic calibration curves were used     

元谋县咖啡种植现状和发展浅议

简介云南元谋县咖啡种植历史、现状,存在问题,发展潜力和对策。     

Soil bulk density corrections for providing a better relationship with root growth in gravelly soil

Abstract

Bulk density of a Tifton (Plinthitic Paleudult; fine loamy, siliceous, thermic) soil containing 5.8 to 11.0% of the sample weight as pebbles was 0.06–0.12 g/cc lower when corrections were made for presence of pebbles or concretions. A method for determining the bulk density of the soil matrix between pebbles or concretions is outlined. After adjustment, the bulk density at which root penetration was inhibited in this soil closely approximated that for soils which do not contain concretions. The proposed procedure reflects more nearly how bulk density changes where plant roots are growing than previously published procedures do.     

Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical and Textural Properties of North Atlantic Cod (Gadus morh.ua) Mince

Abstract

Seasonal variations in physicochemical and textural properties of minced cod muscle from Icelandic coastal areas were evaluated. Measurements were performed on mince from the white muscle. Compared to the winter and summer values, hardness and cohesiveness, as measured by Instron, showed a drop in March to May and another drop was observed for cohesiveness during the autumn months. Expressible moisture changed slightly from March to August whereas results from the winter months indicate greater fluctuations. A minimum was observed for protein solubility in March and July. The surface hydrophobicity of proteins, increased gradually from November to May followed by a sudden drop, then a gradual increase again.     

Above and Below Ground Measurements of Greenhouse Gases from Swine Effluent Amended Soil

Abstract

As a means of economic disposal and to reduce need for chemical fertilizer, waste generated from swine production is often applied to agricultural land. However, there remain many environmental concerns about this practice. Two such concerns, contribution to the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion by gases emitted from waste‐amended soils, have not been thoroughly investigated. An intact core study at Auburn University (32 36′N, 85 36′W) was conducted to determine the source‐sink relationship of three greenhouse gases in three Alabama soils (Black Belt, Coastal Plain, and Appalachian Plateau regions) amended with swine waste effluent. Soil cores were arranged in a completely random design, and treatments used for each soil type consisted of a control, a swine effluent amendment (112 kg N ha^?1), and an ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) fertilizer amendment (112 kg N ha^?1). During a 2‐year period, a closed‐chamber technique was used to determine rates of emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O)–nitrogen (N), carbon dioxide (CO₂)–carbon (C), and methane (CH₄)–C from the soil surface. Gas probes inserted into the soil cores were used to determine concentrations of N₂O‐N and CO₂‐C from depths of 5, 15, and 25 cm. Soil water was collected from each depth using microlysimeters at the time of gas collection to determine soil‐solution N status. Application of swine effluent had an immediate effect on emissions of N₂O‐N, CO₂‐C, and CH₄‐C from all soil textures. However, greatest cumulative emissions and highest peak rates of emission of all three trace gases, directly following effluent applications, were most commonly observed from sandier textured Coastal Plain and Appalachian Plateau soils, as compared to heavier textured Black Belt soil. When considering greenhouse gas emission potential, soil type should be a determining factor for selection of swine effluent waste disposal sites in Alabama.