Controlling Techniques of Channel Sharing in HFC Network

The techniques of sharing a channel in HFC are original with regard to those of Ethernet and Ring. In this paper, the analysis is stressed on the method of the upstream bandwidth allocation, the collision resolving, and the relationship among them, beginning with MAP management message. The MAP is a complex frame, in which the messages of ranging opportunity needed by the CM at the access beginning, bandwidth allocation contention, bandwidth allocation and collision detection are included. The access way for a user is explained after the frame format and functions of a MAP are illustrated. Finally, upstream bandwidth allocation, the cause of collision, algorithm and the process to solve the collision and so on are studied.     

碰撞变量对汽车碰撞严重程度的影响规律研究

为了深入研究汽车碰撞严重程度与碰撞变量的关系，在进行了基本物理量对汽车碰撞剧烈程度影响分析的基础上，选择碰撞车辆作用质量、碰撞车总车速和碰撞车总动量为碰撞变量，应用数学方法，研究了它们对汽车碰撞严重程度的影响规律，可为汽车碰撞事故的分析提供可借鉴的经验．     

高校图书馆的发展与管理

高校图书馆能否与时俱进同高校的发展相适应,关键在于高校图书馆资源的开发与管理。而高校图书馆的发展与管理最重要的因素无外乎是人力资源的开发与管理。     

厦门高崎国际机场鸟类调查及鸟撞防治的对策

厦门机场及周边活动的常见鸟类共有30科，90种，在整个锥形面内对飞机飞行构成危险的鸟类，主要是白鹭Egretta garzetta，中白鹭E.intermedia，普通鸬鹚Phalacrocorax carbo，黑翅鸢Elanus caeruleus，山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis，家鸽等大型鸟类；根据各种鸟类习性及其栖息生境的特点分析，提出了以鸣枪，放煤气炮等方式驱赶鸟类。改变鸟类栖息生境以降低鸟类的种群数量等防止鸟撞的对策。     

四槽轮配肥器肥料颗粒碰撞掺混离散元分析与优化设计

为解决精准施肥过程中变比配肥施肥机械搅拌掺混效率低、掺混均匀度一致性差等问题,设计了一种带有二次碰撞掺混锥形体的四槽轮变比配肥器,可根据4种肥料的需肥量控制4个槽轮以不同转速排肥,二次碰撞掺混腔实现变比配肥的非机械搅拌均匀掺混。测定了4种肥料颗粒的物料特性及在不同含水率条件下的破碎力和粘附力。采用离散元法,选用Hertz-Mindlin无滑动接触模型,分析4种肥料排料运动和碰撞掺混规律。通过正交试验和方差分析,发现槽轮转速在20～80 r/min范围内时,转速对掺混偏离度标准差影响不显著,四槽轮变比配肥器可以实现变比配肥均匀掺混;优化设计二次碰撞掺混锥形体在圆柱形掺混腔内最优高度为12.1 mm,在此高度下二次碰撞掺混锥形体锥角为57.9°。利用力链分析肥料颗粒在槽轮排肥器工作时受力分布,解算4种肥料颗粒所受到的挤压力均小于其破碎力,变比配肥时不会造成肥料颗粒破碎。另外,利用高速摄影分析不同频率、振幅的振动对肥料颗粒碰撞掺混的影响,发现振动对碰撞掺混均匀度影响很小;进行变比配肥碰撞掺混试验,试验结果表明,各组配肥掺混均匀度基本一致,实现了多种肥料的变比配肥和非机械搅拌均匀掺混。     

直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法在CFD冲蚀预测中的应用

为研究气固两相流中固体颗粒间碰撞对冲蚀的影响,提出一种利用直接模拟蒙特卡罗(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo,DSMC)方法和计算流体力学(CFD)计算颗粒间碰撞的冲蚀预测方法。使用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法,将气相作为连续相,通过Navier-Stokes方程求解,颗粒平移运动由离散相模型(DPM)求解。颗粒平移运动由Eulerian-Lagrangian框架下的DPM求解,计算颗粒间碰撞运动时采用DSMC方法以少量采样颗粒代替真实颗粒,碰撞的发生条件通过修正的Nanbu方法判定。分析气固两相流中颗粒间碰撞对弯管冲蚀速率和颗粒分布的影响,结果表明:使用DSMC方法计算颗粒间碰撞,Oka模型的平均百分误差从39.2%降低至27.4%;计算颗粒间碰撞时弯管内拱侧的无颗粒区变小,最大冲蚀位置沿外拱轴线后移5°,同时V形冲蚀痕迹的两翼向外侧扩大。使用DSMC方法计算颗粒间碰撞可以明显降低模型误差,考虑颗粒间碰撞的Oka模型与实验结果偏差最小,是冲蚀预测的最佳模型。     

苹果采后加工碰撞损伤影响因素研究

针对苹果在清洗、分级和包装等采后加工过程中损伤率较高的问题,以红富士苹果为试验材料,利用自制的苹果跌落试验台,研究跌落高度、果实质量、碰撞材料对苹果碰撞损伤的影响。通过3因素3水平正交试验,分析试验因素对苹果碰撞损伤体积影响显著性;并通过试验确定苹果在2种碰撞材料下的碰撞损伤临界跌落高度。试验结果表明:影响苹果碰撞损伤体积的因素显著性由高到低依次为跌落高度、碰撞材料、果实质量;3种质量苹果与2种碰撞材料的碰撞损伤临界跌落高度为150 g苹果与普通碳素钢、PE板碰撞损伤临界跌落高度值分别为59.06 mm和70.93 mm;200 g苹果与普通碳素钢、PE板碰撞损伤临界跌落高度值分别为51.70 mm和63.03 mm;250 g苹果与普通碳素钢、PE板碰撞损伤临界跌落高度值分别为41.65 mm和49.88 mm。     

Predicting summer fin whale distribution in the Pelagos Sanctuary (north-western Mediterranean Sea) to identify dynamic whale–vessel collision risk areas

1. Mediterranean fin whales aggregating in the Pelagos Sanctuary in summer to feed are exposed to vessel collision risk, particularly from high-speed ferries.
2. This study developed models to predict summer fin whale distribution using a generalized additive model (GAM) and MaxEnt, with the aim of providing a tool to identify potential high whale–ferry collision risk areas along ferry routes within the Pelagos Sanctuary during summertime.
3. Models were trained using sightings data collected in the summer months of 2009–2018 on board ferries crossing the central area of the Pelagos Sanctuary. Environmental predictors were bathymetry and mean sea surface chlorophyll concentration of the annual spring bloom period.
4. The predictive ability of GAM and MaxEnt was assessed using existing knowledge of summer fin whale distribution in the region. GAM (deviance explained = 20.2%) predictions matched documented distributions more closely than that of MaxEnt, with highest predicted fin whale occurrence in deep offshore waters (>2000 m) encompassing the central north-western and western regions, and in the south-eastern region, consistent with known fin whale habitats within the Pelagos Sanctuary. Inter-annual variability was evident, influencing collision risk areas.
5. Collision risk was estimated as a function of the overlap between the predicted probability of fin whale occurrence and ferry density estimated from Automated Identification System data. Ferry routes that cross the northern and eastern regions of the Pelagos Sanctuary presented relatively higher collision risk.
6. Areas with changes in risk intensity between the years were temporally and spatially dynamic: some appeared intermittently throughout the study period while others persisted over consecutive years or recurred in different years.
7. Due to the vastness of the Pelagos Sanctuary, vessel speed reduction maybe a more practical measure to manage collision risk than re-routing shipping lanes. A combination of Seasonal Management Areas and Dynamic Management Areas approaches could be adopted for high-risk areas.

     

渔船碰撞事故责任分析中应注意的若干问题

随着海洋渔业的发展,渔船数量不断增多,船舶间碰撞事故的发生也就难以避免了。渔港监督部门作为主管机关在受理碰撞事故后,必然要进行责任分析,明确双方当事船舶的责任分摊。本文依据《1972年国际海上避碰规则》,提出了渔船碰撞事故责任分析中应注意的若干问题,以便有关部门参考。     

含关节间隙的Delta机器人弹性动力学与振动特性分析

针对经济实用型并联机器人关节间隙对动平台位置精度与系统振动特性影响的问题,以Delta机器人为研究对象,利用数理统计原理对含关节间隙的Delta机器人支链进行了运动学分析,结合Lankarani-Nikravesh碰撞接触力模型与具有动态修正系数的Coulomb摩擦模型对关节间隙广义碰撞力进行了研究。利用空间有限元理论与拉格朗日方程,充分考虑主、从动臂的空间动力特性与运动协调关系,建立了Delta机器人弹性动力学模型,在定义杆件虚长度的基础上,将关节间隙产生的广义碰撞力结合到弹性动力学模型中,建立了含关节间隙的Delta机器人弹性动力学模型。借助FARO激光跟踪仪对间隙弹性动力学模型进行了验证分析,利用脉冲锤击法与Workbench软件仿真对Delta机器人的振动特性进行了研究分析。试验结果表明,考虑关节间隙时动平台中心点的运动轨迹较不考虑关节间隙时更靠近试验运行结果,验证了间隙弹性动力学模型的合理性与正确性,并且,系统前两阶非零固有频率的理论值与试验值的相对误差分别为3.544%和12.026%,两者相当接近。另外,由仿真结果可以发现3组从动臂是Delta机器人整机系统中最薄弱的环节。该研究可为经济实用型并联机器人的位置误差补偿与系统减振优化提供参考。