加速广义Laguerre多项式级数的Laplace变换的数值反演方法

本文利用Levin t-变换迭代法，对加速广义Laguerre多项式级数，提出了一种新的Laplace变换的数值反演方法，这种方法在精度上和数值稳定性上的效果都较好。     

基于小波变换模态参数识别原理的共振拆除法理论研究

提出了一种经济、安全的建筑物拆除法-共振拆除法。依据小波变换模态参数辨识原理,求得建筑物理论固有频率及模态参数;建立楼房数学模型,模拟安装多台激振器,遥控激振器发出与建筑物固有频率相同频率激励,使楼房共振。建筑物激烈振动而坍塌,实现安全拆除建筑物的目的。     

Filtering Construct of Adaptive Filter Grou Pwith Multi-scale Decomposition

The principle and method of the adaptive filter and the filtering with wavelet transform were analyzed, and the model and method of adaptive filtering with wavelet transforms for the transient signal was established. The separated noise of signal by the multi-scale decomposition of wavelet transforms, was the input signal of adaptive filter, and accordingly the optimal filtering method of signal-noise decomposition was realized. By the adaptive filter grou Pbased on the wavelet transform, the optimal filtering to the multi-noise of signal is achieved at the same time, and the method presented in this paper has the excellent filtering capability. Examples of application demonstrate that this method presented is excellent to realize the optimal estimate to the valuable signal and noise of the transient signal in the same frequency segment.     

基于小波变换的Wiener滤波算法去除苹果图像噪声

在小波变换的基础上，提出了一种基于小波变换的Wiener滤波去噪方法。采用该方法对苹果图像的加性噪声（高斯白噪声）去噪，结果PSNR为184．94，视觉效果清晰（而含噪声图像的PSNR为158．23，噪声太多不清晰）。好于邻域平均法（PSNR为174．15，视觉上含部分噪声）、中值滤波法（PSNR为182．4Z）、小波阔值去噪（PSNR为171．59，视觉上也含部分噪声）和Wiener滤波去噪法（PSNR为173．65）的去噪结果，更好于数学形态学的去噪结果（PSNR为150．46，视觉上含较多噪声）。试验结果表明，基于小波变换的Wiener滤波方法对苹果图像加性噪声的去噪效果具有信噪比高、视觉效果好等优点。     

水土侵蚀过程分析的小波精细积分法

将小波配置方法和精细积分方法相结合,提出了一种对水土侵蚀模型进行数值分析的新方法——小波精细积分法。与传统的有限元方法相比,本文方法属于半解析方法,对时间步长不敏感,可有效提高计算效率。数值分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

55年来黄土高原边缘地区耕地动态变化的多尺度分析

本文对地处干旱、半干旱黄土高原生态脆弱地带的大同市耕地现状和1949—2003年间耕地总量变化进行分析,同时采用Morlet小波变换方法,对大同市耕地面积变化进行了多时间尺度和相应的周期变化特征分析,得出55年来大同市耕地面积变化具有2—3年和6年左右的年际尺度周期变化,并预测未来大同市耕地面积变化趋势;运用主成分分析方法分析得出耕地动态变化的驱动机制为人口因素、农业现代化水平、经济发展水平三个方面,所得结论有利于在科学的指导下采取措施稳定耕地面积,为干旱半干旱地区耕地的可持续利用提供科学依据,对相关省市农业可持续发展具有重要意义。     

Upscaling as ecological information transfer: a simple framework with application to Arctic ecosystem carbon exchange

Transferring ecological information across scale often involves spatial aggregation, which alters information content and may bias estimates if the scaling process is nonlinear. Here, a potential solution, the preservation of the information content of fine-scale measurements, is highlighted using modeled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of an Arctic tundra landscape as an example. The variance of aggregated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), measured from an airborne platform, decreased linearly with log(scale), resulting in a linear relationship between log(scale) and the scale-wise modeled NEE estimate. Preserving three units of information, the mean, variance and skewness of fine-scale NDVI observations, resulted in upscaled NEE estimates that deviated less than 4% from the fine-scale estimate. Preserving only the mean and variance resulted in nearly 23% NEE bias, and preserving only the mean resulted in larger error and a change in sign from CO₂ sink to source. Compressing NDVI maps by 70–75% using wavelet thresholding with the Haar and Coiflet basis functions resulted in 13% NEE bias across the study domain. Applying unique scale-dependent transfer functions between NDVI and leaf area index (LAI) decreased, but did not remove, bias in modeled flux in a smaller expanse using handheld NDVI observations. Quantifying the parameters of statistical distributions to preserve ecological information reduces bias when upscaling and makes possible spatial data assimilation to further reduce errors in estimates of ecological processes across scale.     

基于LBV变换与小波变换的OLI图像融合方法

以陕西省榆阳区2013年6月9日的Landsat 8 OLI图像为基础数据源,对比分析LBV-Wavelet RF等5种图像融合算法的使用效果。对图像预处理后,分别采用HIS变换、Brovey变换、HPF变换、PCA变换和LBV-Wavelet RF方法进行融合和SVM监督分类,然后从目视评价和定量评价两方面对比分析各种融合算法的使用效果。在目视评价方面,判读融合前、后9种地类光谱特征的一致性;融合后图像是否具有全色波段图像的空间结构特征,是否存在细节模糊。在定量评价方面,采用灰度均值差、灰度均方根差评价融合后图像对多光谱信息的保持性能;采用相关系数均值、相关系数均方根差评价融合后图像对高空间分辨率信息的融入度;采用总体分类精度、Kappa系数评价融合前、后SVM监督分类精度差异。结果表明LBV-Wavelet RF方法能够使融合后图像在保持原多光谱图像光谱信息的同时,增强纹理结构特征,提高对细小地物的辨识能力;融合后图像SVM监督分类的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别为84.01%和0.787,较原多光谱图像分别提高13.45%和15.91%。     

横、顺坡垄作对黑土坡面侵蚀-沉积周期规律的影响

我国东北黑土区的水土流失和土地退化正严重制约着东北地区农业经济发展,威胁国家粮食生产安全。掌握不同垄作方向耕作措施下的东北黑土区土壤侵蚀规律,对合理布设水保措施、控制水土流失等具有重要意义。采用¹³⁷Cs示踪技术并结合小波分析方法,对不同垄作方向坡耕地土壤侵蚀-沉积速率的空间变化规律开展研究。结果表明：(1)横、顺坡垄作坡面¹³⁷Cs平均浓度分别为1 802 Bq·m^-2和1 770 Bq·m^-2,均小于当地背景值2 417 Bq·m^-2,说明在两种垄作方向下均发生了不同程度的土壤侵蚀。(2)横坡垄作的坡面平均侵蚀速率(1 341 t·km^-2·a^-1)小于顺坡垄作(1 477 t·km^-2·a^-1),表明在长期平均条件下前者的水土保持作用优于后者。尽管研究区土壤侵蚀属于轻度侵蚀,但其侵蚀速率远大于黑土区的土壤容许流失量(200 t·km^-2·a^-1     

Analysis of Spectral Characteristics Based on Optical Remote Sensing and SAR Image Fusion

Because of cloudy and rainy weather in south China, optical remote sens-ing images often can＇t be obtained easily. With the regional trial results in Baoying, Jiangsu province, this paper explored the fusion model and effect of ENVISAT/SAR and HJ-1A satel ite multispectral remote sensing images. Based on the ARSIS strat-egy, using the wavelet transform and the Interaction between the Band Structure Model （IBSM）, the research progressed the ENVISAT satel ite SAR and the HJ-1A satel ite CCD images wavelet decomposition, and low/high frequency coefficient re-construction, and obtained the fusion images through the inverse wavelet transform. In the light of low and high-frequency images have different characteristics in differ-ent areas, different fusion rules which can enhance the integration process of self-adaptive were taken, with comparisons with the PCA transformation, IHS transfor-mation and other traditional methods by subjective and the corresponding quantita-tive evaluation. Furthermore, the research extracted the bands and NDVI values around the fusion with GPS samples, analyzed and explained the fusion effect. The results showed that the spectral distortion of wavelet fusion, IHS transform, PCA transform images was 0.101 6, 0.326 1 and 1.277 2, respectively and entropy was 14.701 5, 11.899 3 and 13.229 3, respectively, the wavelet fusion is the highest. The method of wavelet maintained good spectral capability, and visual effects while improved the spatial resolution, the information interpretation effect was much better than other two methods.