内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量

为了给内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）测土施氮奠定科学基础，本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法”新应用公式，开展了该自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明：内蒙古高原生长第1年紫花苜蓿土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标为≥48，20~48，8~20，4~8，2~4和<2 mg·kg^-1，土壤全氮第1~5级丰缺指标为≥1.4，0.8~1.4，0.4~0.8，0.2~0.4和<0.2 g·kg^-1，土壤有机质第1~6级丰缺指标为≥17，10~17，6~10，3~6，2~3和<2 g·kg^-1。当紫花苜蓿目标产量9~18 t·hm^-2、氮肥利用率40%时，内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿第1~6级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，68~135，135~270，203~405，270~540和338~675 kg·hm^-2。     

香蕉中噻唑膦残留分析方法研究

建立香蕉中噻唑膦的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)残留测定方法。香蕉样品采用乙腈提取和PSA+C18分散固相萃取,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应模式(MRM)进行分析测定。噻唑膦在添加水平0.01~1.0 mg/kg范围内,平均回收率为94.3%~107.5%,相对标准偏差为7.9%~11.0%。采用外标法定量,方法的检出限为0.001μg/m L,定量限为0.005 mg/kg。该方法简单、准确、重复性较好且节省溶剂,适用于香蕉中噻唑膦的残留检测。     

沉淀法制备的紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率测定

采用沉淀法制备紫杉醇白蛋白微粒,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定紫杉醇质量浓度,以二氯甲烷为有机相,采用萃取法分离白蛋白微粒与游离药物,测定其包封率。结果表明:紫杉醇在10~100 mg·L-1范围内线性良好,平均回收率可达到97.6%~101.0%;有机溶剂萃取法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒包封率的平均回收率,达94.80%~101.67%。这种方法测定紫杉醇白蛋白微粒回收率准确可靠,适用于沉淀法制备的白蛋白微粒的包封率测定。     

Residue management for reducing evaporation in relation to soil type and evaporativity1

Abstract. Usual residue-management options are to remove the residue, use it as mulch with or without undercutting or to incorporate it into the soil. While the role of surface mulch in evaporation has been widely studied, the information on the effect on evaporation of mulch with undercutting or residue incorporated into soil, particularly in relation to soil type and evaporativity (E_o) is lacking. We studied the effect of wheat straw used in various ways on the course of evaporation loss from soil columns with three soils at Ludhiana, India and one soil at Bushland, Texas, USA, under two E_o's Energy-limited evaporation rates under mulch (E_om) followed the soil-specific relation E_om/E_o= a e^(bRes+cEo), where Res is residue rate t/ha and a, b and c are constants; E_o, is expressed in mm/d. In an effort to model the total evaporation (CE) during the energy-limited stage ‘U’ was obtained from appropriate CE versus time curves and (CE-U) was regressed over (t - ti)^0.5 to obtain the slope ‘α’ (Ritchie 1972) for the soil-limited evaporation stage. The observed ‘U’ was independent of mulch rate and E_o but was strongly affected by soil type, Values of ‘α’ decreased with increase in mulch rate and decrease in E_o and coarseness of soil. The otherwise short lived benefit of evaporation reduction with mulch per se, which peaked after a few days was maintained when residue was mixed with soil at the stage when evaporation reduction reached a maximum; this benefit continued for several weeks. Cumulative evaporation values computed from ‘U’ and ‘α’ agreed closely with the observed values under straw mulch for loamy sand and clay loam soils and for ‘undercut’ and ‘residue mixed’ treatments on all soils regardless of E_o, and for all situations under small E_o. However, for sandy loam and silt loam soils under E_o of 10 mm/d, the modified square root of the time function of Jalota et al. (1988) gave a better fit.     

不同有机物对铁皮石斛试管苗生长发育的影响

研究不同有机物浸提液对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响。在相同的培养条件下，以8种含有不同有机物的培养基培养试管苗，60d后对试管苗的各种性状进行记录统计，并与对照（没加有机物提取液）进行比较分析。结果不同的有机物浸提液对试管苗的影响效果不一样。壮苗以加入白萝卜提取液、CH和CM为佳，生根以加入香蕉提取液为佳，要提高繁殖系数以不加有机物为佳。     

碧峰峡森林土壤性状研究

碧峰峡不仅是旅游景点,还是多学科研究的天然“实验室”,地处雅安亚热带区,原始森林植被保护完好,土壤垂直分布明显,地质现象复杂,也是大熊猫、金丝猴出没之地。经研究结果：土壤呈酸性,自然肥力高．经相关分析结果：土壤有机质含量和ＣＥＣ等有关理化特性的相关性,较物理性粘粒与ＣＥＣ间更加显著。     

我国农药残留快速检测技术的研究与应用现状

本文简述了目前农药残留快速检测技术的研究概况，分析了农药残留快速检测技术在我国的实际应用情况。     

动物组织中己烯雌酚残留的高效液相色谱/电化学检测方法研究

建立了动物组织中己烯雌酚的高效液相色谱/电化学检测方法.色谱柱为HypersilODSC18柱(5μm,4.6mm×250mm);流动相为乙腈-0.007mol/L磷酸二氢铵(48∶52,V/V,pH3.5);电化学检测的检测模式为前处理(pretreat),工作电压为0.9V,灵敏度为0.5μA.己烯雌酚浓度在0.2～100ng/g范围内具有良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9995.各组织不同添加浓度的平均回收率均为80%,批内变异系数《3.60%,批间变异系数《3.72%,检测限为0.2ng/g.     

司帕沙星在雏鸡体内药代动力学及残留的研究

选用30日龄健康海兰鸡65只,按5mg／kg体重口服给予司帕沙星,定期采样,以高效液相色谱法测定血浆、肝、肾、心、肺和肌肉中司帕沙星的含量,研究司帕沙星在鸡体内的药动学与残留。结果表明:司帕沙星在血液中经时过程符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其主要动力学参数如下:t1／2α0.9585h,t1／2β11.7447h,tmax0,6514 h,Cmax0.5271 μg／ml,AUC1.7908mg／L／h。肾脏、心脏的药时数据符合一级吸收二项指数方程,其主要动力学参数分别为:t1/2Ka0.3733 h、0.1530h,t1／2k1.3007 h、2.1013h,tmax1.01420h、0.6239 h,Cmax2.1104μg／ml、1.6721 μg／ml,AUC6.51764 mg／L／h、6.2286mg／L／h。司帕沙星在肝脏、肺脏、肌肉中的经时过程符合一级吸收三项指数方程,主要动力学参数分别为t1/2α0.3672 h、0.6156 h、1.5835 h,t1/2β3.9998 h、15.0271 h、12.0103h,tmax0.7458 h、0.7322 h、1.3726 h,Cmax4.4709μg／ml、2.5267μg／ml、0.9760μg／ml,AUC20.893 mg／L／h,27.242 mg／L／h、9.7943mg/L/h。建议司帕沙星在鸡体内的休药期为7d。